at
the door-handle was of copper. The next day he wrapped a glove around
the handle, again shut the patient in, and this time nothing occurred.
He interrogated the patient, but she could give him no explanation. He
then tried the effect of copper on all the subjects at the Salpetriere
and the Cochin hospitals, and found that a great number were affected by
it."

At the Charity hospital in Paris, Doctor Luys used an apparatus moved by
clockwork. Doctor Foveau, one of his pupils, thus describes it:

"The hypnotic state, generally produced by the contemplation of a bright
spot, a lamp, or the human eye, is in his case induced by a peculiar
kind of mirror. The mirrors are made of pieces of wood cut prismatically
in which fragments of mirrors are incrusted. They are generally double
and placed crosswise, and by means of clockwork revolve automatically.
They are the same as sportsmen use to attract larks, the rays of the sun
being caught and reflected on every side and from all points of the
horizon. If the little mirrors in each branch are placed in parallel
lines in front of a patient, and the rotation is rapid, the optic organ
soon becomes fatigued, and a calming soothing somnolence ensues. At
first it is not a deep sleep, the eye-lids are scarcely heavy, the
drowsiness slight and restorative. By degrees, by a species of training,
the hypnotic sleep differs more and more from natural sleep, the
individual abandons himself more and more completely, and falls into one
of the regular phases of hypnotic sleep. Without a word, without a
suggestion or any other action, Dr. Luys has made wonderful cures.
Wecker, the occulist, has by the same means entirely cured spasms of the
eye-lids."

Professor Delboeuf gives the following account of how the famous
Liebault produced hypnotism at the hospital at Nancy. We would
especially ask the reader to note what he says of Dr. Liebault's manner
and general bearing, for without doubt much of his success was due to
his own personality. Says Professor Delboeuf:

"His modus faciendi has something ingenious and simple about it,
enhanced by a tone and air of profound conviction; and his voice has
such fervor and warmth that he carries away his clients with him.

"After having inquired of the patient what he is suffering from, without
any further or closer examination, he places his hand on the patient's
forehead and, scarcely looking at him, says, 'You are going to sleep.'
Then, almost imme