these famous scientists have been deceived, there is no doubt. They know
it themselves. A case which will serve as an illustration is that of Dr.
Luys, some of whose operations were "exposed" by Dr. Ernest Hart, an
English student of hypnotism of a skeptical turn of mind. One of Dr.
Luys's pupils in a book he has published makes the following statement,
which helps to explain the circumstances which we will give a little
later. Says he:

"We know that many hospital patients who are subjected to the higher or
greater treatment of hypnotism are of very doubtful reputations; we know
also the effects of a temperament which in them is peculiarly addicted
to simulation, and which is exaggerated by the vicinity of maladies
similar to their own. To judge of this, it is necessary to have seen
them encourage each other in simulation, rehearsing among themselves, or
even before the medical students of the establishment, the experiments
to which they have been subjected; and going through their different
contortions and attitudes to exercise themselves in them. And then,
again, in the present day, has not the designation of an 'hypnotical
subject' become almost a social position? To be fed, to be paid,
admired, exhibited in public, run after, and all the rest of it--all this
is enough to make the most impartial looker-on skeptical. But is it
enough to enable us to produce an a priori negation? Certainly not; but
it is sufficient to justify legitimate doubt. And when we come to moral
phenomena, where we have to put faith in the subject, the difficulty
becomes still greater. Supposing suggestion and hallucination to be
granted, can they be demonstrated? Can we by plunging the subject in
hypnotical sleep, feel sure of what he may affirm? That is impossible,
for simulation and somnambulism are not reciprocally exclusive terms,
and Monsieur Pitres has established the fact that a subject who sleeps
may still simulate." Messieurs Binet and Fere in their book speak of
"the honest Hublier, whom his somnambulist Emelie cheated for four years
consecutively."

Let us now quote Mr. Hart's investigations.

Dr. Luys is an often quoted authority on hypnotism in Paris, and is at
the head of what is called the Charity Hospital school of hypnotical
experiments. In 1892 he announced some startling results, in which some
people still have faith (more or less). What he was supposed to
accomplish was stated thus in the London Pall Mall Gazette, issue o