ree of terror, and
incidentally learned that he could hypnotize himself. The matter of
self-hypnotism we shall consider in another chapter.

In this connection we find great interest in an article in the Medical
News, July 28, 1894, by Dr. Alfred Warthin, of Ann Arbor, Mich., in
which he describes the effects of music upon hypnotic subjects. While in
Vienna he took occasion to observe closely the enthusiastic musical
devotees as they sat in the audience at the performance of one of
Wagner's operas. He believed they were in a condition of self-induced
hypnotism, in which their subjective faculties were so exalted as to
supersede their objective perceptions. Music was no longer to them a
succession of pleasing sounds, but the embodiment of a drama in which
they became so wrapped up that they forgot all about the mechanical and
external features of the music and lived completely in a fairy world of
dream.

This observation suggested to him an interesting series of experiments.
His first subject was easily hypnotized, and of an emotional nature.
Wagner's "Ride of Walkure" was played from the piano score. The pulse of
the subject became more rapid and at first of higher tension, increasing
from a normal rate of 60 beats a minute to 120. Then, as the music
progressed, the tension diminished. The respiration increased from 18 to
30 per minute. Great excitement in the subject was evident. His whole
body was thrown into motion, his legs were drawn up, his arms tossed
into the air, and a profuse sweat appeared. When the subject had been
awakened, he said that he did not remember the music as music, but had
an impression of intense, excitement, brought on by "riding furiously
through the air." The state of mind brought up before him in the most
realistic and vivid manner possible the picture of the ride of Tam
O'Shanter, which he had seen years before. The picture soon became real
to him, and he found himself taking part in a wild chase, not as witch,
devil, or Tam even; but in some way his consciousness was spread through
every part of the scene, being of it, and yet playing the part of
spectator, as is often the case in dreams.

Dr. Warthin tried the same experiment again, this time on a young man
who was not so emotional, and was hypnotized with much more difficulty.
This subject did not pass into such a deep state of hypnotism, but the
result was practically the same. The pulse rate rose from 70 to 120. The
sensation rememb