specially important, in connection with these results, to point
out the risk of misinterpretation of observations on the anthropoid
apes. If they can imitate human activities as readily and effectively as
Julius did in this particular experiment, we can never be sure of the
spontaneity of their ideational behavior unless we definitely know that
they have had no opportunity to see human beings perform similar acts.

Of all the methods of eliciting ideational or allied forms of behavior
used in my study of the monkeys and ape, none yielded such illuminating
results as the box stacking test, and although from the technical
standpoint, it has many shortcomings, as a means to qualitative results
it has proved invaluable.

_Other Methods of Obtaining the Reward_

Some weeks later, I tried to discover how Julius would obtain the much
desired banana when the boxes were absent. I placed in the large cage a
stick about six feet long and an old broom. When admitted, he looked
about for the boxes, but not seeing them, picked up the broom and
placing it with the splints down, beneath the banana, he tried to climb
it, but as it fell over with him, he abandoned this after a few trials,
went to his cage, and picking up some old bags which he used at night as
covers, he dragged them out and placed them on the floor beneath the
banana. He next put the broom upon them and tried to climb up. This
general type of behavior persisted for several minutes, everything
within reach being used as were the bags, as a means of raising him in
the desired direction. Finally, he placed his feet on the broom where
the handle joins the splints, seized the handle near the top with his
hands, drew himself up as far as possible, and then launched himself in
the air and tried to seize the banana. On the third attempt he
succeeded.

Later, he was given a plain stick about five feet long. Figure 32 of
plate VI shows him using this to obtain the banana in the manner
described above. He would grasp it with one or both feet, usually one,
ten to fifteen inches from the floor of the cage, meanwhile holding with
his hands near the top of the stick. He would then, with all his
strength, draw himself up suddenly and jump toward the banana. Often he
came down rather hard on the cement floor, much to his disgust.

Yet another method of obtaining the reward developed a day or two later.
A light red-wood stick about five feet long and an inch in its other
dimension