s behavior were, first, his stealthy
and indirect manner, and second, his failure to use other means of
obtaining the bait than that supplied by the observer. Instead of
looking straight at the experimenter, or at the object which he wished
to obtain, he apparently looked and attended elsewhere. For this reason
it was often difficult to decide whether or not he had noticed the bait
or the boxes. Finally I was led to conclude that he usually knew exactly
what was going on and had in his furtive way noted all of the essential
features of the situation, and that his manner was extremely indicative
of his mental attitude of limited trust. Both Julius and Skirrl went to
the opposite extreme in the matter of directness, or as we should say in
human relations, frankness. They would look the experimenter directly in
the eye, and they usually gazed intently at anything, such for example
as the bait, that interested them. Sobke, even when very hungry, instead
of going directly toward the bait, and trying to obtain it, usually did
various other things as though pretending that he had no interest in
food.

On the following day, June 15, the three boxes were again placed nearly
under the banana, but this time the two smaller boxes, numbers 1 and 2,
were pushed to the extreme end of the lower box and so far from the bait
that it could not be reached from box 1. It was necessary then for the
animal to push boxes 1 and 2 along on box 3 until they were nearer the
bait.

Sobke, when admitted to the cage, evidently noticed the banana, but as
formerly, he made no immediate effort to obtain it. After wandering in
search of food and quarreling with the other monkeys for several
minutes, he went to the boxes, pushed the topmost one, number 1, off on
to the floor, and then carried it into his cage where he quickly tore
one side off. He next returned to the large cage, climbed up on box 2,
and he was able, by jumping, to reach and obtain the banana.

As Sobke was very good at jumping, his new method rendered the box
stacking experiment of uncertain value, since it was next to impossible
so to arrange the spatial relations of bait and boxes that he should be
neither discouraged by too great a distance nor encouraged to jump by
too small a distance. Evidently it would be more satisfactory to
simplify the conditions by trying to discover, first of all, whether he
would use a single box as a means of reaching the reward.

In pursuance of this i