atened with whip ......... " " " " "

" 11 (1st series). " " " ........... " " " " "

" 11 (2nd series). 10 sec. confinement .......... " " " " "

" 12 .............. Threatened with whip ......... " " " " "

" 12 (2nd series). 10 sec. confinement .......... " " " " "

" 19 .............. 10 " " ............... " " " " "

" 19 (2nd series). Threatened with whip ......... " " " " "

With the above reactive tendencies and modifications of method in mind
we may continue our description of results. On June 9 there developed a
tendency to increase the magnitude of the original error by choosing
nearer the left end of the groups. This is odd, since one would
naturally suppose that an animal as intelligent as the orang utan would
tend to avoid the general region in which success was never obtained and
to focus attention on the right, as contrasted with the wrong end of
each group. _It obviously contradicts the law of the gradual elimination
of use less activities._ In other words, it is wholly at variance with
the principle of trial and error exhibited by many infrahuman organisms.
Julius, although making many mistakes, worked diligently and, for the
most part, fairly rapidly. The day's work proved most important because
of the change in method and also because of the appearance of
hesitation, the rejection of certain boxes, and the definite choice of
others. My notes record "this is a most important day for Julius in
problem 2;" but subsequent results do not clearly justify this prophecy.

The method of choosing the first box at the left and then of moving down
the line until the right one was reached was so consistently followed
that during a number of days it was possible for me to predict almost
every choice. Indeed, to satisfy my curiosity in this matter during a
number of series I guessed in advance the box which would be chosen. The
percentages of correct guesses ranged from ninety to one hundred. June
10, for example, yielded two series for which the ratio of right to
wrong first choices was 0 to 10, and in which the method described above
was used consistently throughout.

It was inevitable that punishment by confinement and the discouragement
resulting therefrom should interfere with the regularity of work and
make it extremely diff