Von Buch, ibid. p. 409.

[478] Darwin, Structure and Distrib. of Coral reefs, &c., London,
1842. In the subjoined map, fig. 39, I have copied with
permission a small part of the valuable map accompanying this
work.

[479] Von Buch, Descrip. des Iles Canar. p. 450, who cites Erman
and others.

[480] Paper read at meeting of Brit. Assoc. Southampton, Sept.
1846.

[481] Macclelland, Report on Coal and Min. Resources of India.
Calcutta, 1838.

[482] Geology of the American Exploring Expedition. See also
Lyell's Manual, "Sandwich I. Volcanoes"--Index.

[483] Strabo, ed Fal., p. 900.

[484] Researches in Asia Minor, vol. ii. p. 39.

[485] Virlet, Bulletin de la Soc. Gaol. de France, tom. iii. p.
109.

[486] Daubeny on Mount Vultur, Ashmolean Memoirs. Oxford, 1835.

[487] Book v. ch. xlvi.--See letter of M. Virlet, Bulletin de la
Soc. Gaol. de France, tom. ii. p. 341.

[488] See ch. 32, _Cause of Volcanic Eruptions_.

[489] Verneur, Journal des Voyages, tom. iv. p. 111. Von Hoff,
vol. ii. p. 275.

[490] Lib. v.

[491] Nat. Hist. lib. iii. c. 6.

[492] See Poulett Scrope, Geol. Trans. 2d series, vol. ii. pl.
34.

[493] De Rerum Nat. vi. 740.--Forbes, on Bay of Naples, Edin.
Journ. of Sci. No iii. new series, p. 87. Jan. 1830.

[494] Humboldt, Voy. p. 317.

[495] Von Buch, Ueber einen vulcanischen Ausbruch auf der Insel
Lanzerote.

[496] Haustae aut obrutae urbes.--Hist. lib. i.

[497] Hist. Rom. lib. lxvi.

[498] The earliest authority, says Mr. Forbes, given for this
fact, appears to be Capaccio, quoted in the Terra Tremante of
Bonito.--Edin. Journ. of Sci. &c. No. i. new series, p. 127.
July, 1829.

[499] Geol. Trans. second series, vol. ii. p. 346.

[500] Lib. vi. de Bello Neap. in Graevii Thesaur.

[501] Prodig. libel. c. cxiv.

[502] This representation of the Phlegraean Fields is reduced
from part of Plate xxxi. of Sir William Hamilton's great work
"Campi Phlegraei." The faithfulness of his colored delineations
of the scenery of that country cannot be too highly praised.

[503] Campi Phlegraei, p. 70.

[504] Campi Phlegraei, p. 77.

[505] P. 347. Paris, 1836.

[506] "Magnus terrae tractus, qui inter radices montis, quem
Barbarum incolae appellant, et mare juxta Avern