architectural
vestiges of an earlier date than the 18th century. Clifton gives name to
a Roman Catholic bishopric. Of the churches the most important are St
Andrew's parish church; All Saints, erected in 1863 after the designs of
G. E. Street, and remarkable for the width of its nave and the
narrowness of its aisles; and the Roman Catholic pro-cathedral church of
the Holy Apostles, with a convent and schools attached. Clifton College,
a cluster of buildings in Gothic style, was founded in 1862 by a limited
liability company, and takes rank among the principal modern English
public schools. Down the river from Clifton is Shirehampton, a favourite
resort from Bristol.

CLIM (or CLYM) OF THE CLOUGH, a legendary English archer, a supposed
companion of the Robin Hood band. He is commemorated in the ballad _Adam
Bell, Clym of the Cloughe and Wyllyam of Cloudeslee_. The three were
outlaws who had many adventures of the Robin Hood type. The oldest
printed copy of this ballad is dated 1550.

CLIMACTERIC (from the Gr. [Greek: klimakter], the rung or step of a
[Greek: klimax] or ladder), a critical period in human life; in a
medical sense, the period known as the "change of life," marked in women
by the menopause. Certain ages, especially those which are multiples of
seven or nine, have been superstitiously regarded as particularly
critical; thus the sixty-third and the eighty-first year of life have
been called the "grand climacteric." The word is also used, generally,
of any turning-point in the history of a nation, a career or the like.

CLIMATE AND CLIMATOLOGY. The word _clima_ (from Gr. [Greek: klinein], to
lean or incline; whence also the English "clime," now a poetical term
for this or that region of the earth, regarded as characterized by
climate), as used by the Greeks, probably referred originally either to
the supposed slope of the earth towards the pole, or to the inclination
of the earth's axis. It was an astronomical or a mathematical term, not
associated with any idea of physical climate. A change of _clima_ then
meant a change of latitude. The latter was gradually seen to mean a
change in atmospheric conditions as well as in length of day, and
_clima_ thus came to have its present meaning. "Climate" is the average
condition of the atmosphere. "Weather" denotes a single occurrence, or
event, in the series of conditions which make up climate. The climate of
a place is thus in a sense its average