racter of Aeneas; his
_pietas_ imperfect in the first six books, perfected in
the last six, resulting in a balance between the ideas
of the Individual and the State. Illustration of this
from the poem. Importance of Book vi., which describes
the ordeal destined to perfect the _pietas_ of the hero.
The sense of Duty never afterwards deserts him; his
_pietas_ enlarged in a religious sense 403-427

LECTURE XIX

THE AUGUSTAN REVIVAL

Connection of Augustus and Virgil. Augustus aims at
re-establishing the national _pietas_, and securing the
_pax deorum_ by means of the _ius divinum_. How this
formed part of his political plans. Temple restoration
and its practical result. Revival of the ancient ritual;
illustrated from the records of the Arval Brethren. The
new element in it; Caesar-worship; but Augustus was
content with the honour of re-establishing the _pax
deorum_. Celebration of this in the Ludi saeculares, 17
B.C. Our detailed knowledge of this festival; meaning of
_saeculum_; description of the _ludi_, and illustration
of their meaning from the _Carmen saeculare_ of Horace.
Discussion of the performance of this hymn by the choirs
of boys and girls 428-451

LECTURE XX

CONCLUSION

Religious ingredients in Roman soil likely to be
utilised by Christianity. The Stoic ingredient;
revelation of the Universal, and ennobling of
Individual. The contribution of Mysticism; preparation
for Christian eschatology. The contribution of Virgil;
sympathy and sense of Duty. The contribution of Roman
religion proper: (1) sane and orderly character of
ritual, (2) practical character of Latin Christianity
visible in early Christian writings, (3) a religious
vocabulary, _e.g. religio, pietas, sanctus,
sacramentum_. But all this is but a slight contribution;
essential difference between Christianity and all that
preceded it in Italy; illustration from the language of
St. Paul 452-472

APPENDIX

I. ON THE USE OF HUTS OR BOOTHS IN RELIGIOUS RITUAL 473

II. PROF. DEUBNER'S THEORY OF THE LUPERCALIA 478

III. THE PAIRS OF DEITIES IN GELLIUS xiii. 23 481

IV. THE EARLY USAGE OF THE WORDS IUS AND FAS 486

V. THE WORSHIP OF SAC