in distance.]

In thus naming the glaciers, I have followed the time-honored local
usage, giving the names applied by the earliest explorers and since
used with little variation in the Northwest. There has been some
confusion, however, chiefly owing to a recent government map. For
instance, in that publication, White glacier, properly so called
because it is the main feeder of the White river, was named Emmons
glacier, after S. F. Emmons, a geologist who was one of the first to
visit it. It is interesting to note that in his reports Mr. Emmons
himself called this the White River glacier. On the other hand, the
map mentioned, after displacing the name White from the larger glacier
to which it logically belongs, gave it to the ice-stream feeding
another branch of the White river, namely, the glacier always locally
called the Winthrop, and so called by Prof. Russell in his report to
the Geological Survey in 1897.

[Illustration: Copyright, 1910, By S. C. Smith. Climbing Goat Peaks,
in the Cascades, with the Mountain twenty miles away.]

[Illustration {p.095}: Looking up White Glacier (right), from a point
on its lower end, showing vast amount of morainal debris carried down
by this glacier. Little Tahoma in middle distance; Gibraltar and
Cathedral Rocks on extreme right; "Goat Island" on left. Elevation of
camera, about 4,500 feet. Note the "cloud banner" which the crag has
flung to the breeze.]

{p.096}
[Illustration: The Mountain seen from the top of Cascade
range, with party starting west over the forest trails for Paradise.]

[Illustration: Great moraine built by Frying-Pan Glacier on side of
"Goat Island."]

Similarly, North and South Mowich, names of the streams to which they
give birth, were miscalled Willis and Edmunds glaciers, after Bailey
Willis, geologist, and George F. Edmunds, late United States senator,
who visited the Mountain many years ago. The Mowich rivers were so
named by the Indians from the fact that, in the great rocks on the
northwest side of the peak, just below the summit, they saw the figure
of the mowich, or deer. The deer of rock is there still--he may be
seen in several pictures in this volume,--and so long as he keeps to
his icy pasture it will be difficult to displace his name from the
glaciers and rivers below. The southern branch of the great Tahoma
glacier, locally called South Tahoma glacier, this map renamed Wilson
glacier, for A. D. Wilson, Emmons's companion in exploration. F