then to turn to the left, use the right arm only, the
left arm should be held in a straight line with the shoulder; then
continue to use the three arm movements with the left arm, until one
has turned completely around in the water. To turn the other way, use
the other arm.

[Illustration: FIGURE 7]

Next the pupil is shown how to float. The knees are drawn up and turned
out, the arms extended back beyond the head, as in Fig. 7; the hands,
about six inches apart, are kept under water. Deep breaths should be
drawn through the mouth and forced into the lungs. The pupil will notice
that, at each inflation of the lungs, the body will rise in the water,
and sink correspondingly when the air is expelled. This practise shows
how buoyant the body is. The more limp one lies, the more buoyant the
body becomes.

Since I started the Dalton Swimming School twelve years ago, at 23 West
44th Street, New York City, I have always shown my method of teaching
swimming scientifically, which is exactly the reverse of the methods of
other instructors; that is, teaching pupils how to swim on their backs
first, before teaching them the breast stroke, which I contend is the
hardest stroke of all, when done correctly. Another innovation of mine
is the use of the Dalton nose-clip, a clip that pinches the nostrils
tightly together, keeping the water out of the nose and forcing the
pupil to breathe through the mouth, which is the correct way of
breathing while swimming. The more air one gets into the lungs the
lighter one is in the water, making swimming easier. That is the reason
so many would-be swimmers, simply because they try to breathe through
the nose, get winded very quickly. The main thing about breathing in all
the strokes is to keep the mouth open all the time. With the mouth open,
air can come in and out of its own accord and the pupil does not have to
worry about the breathing.

THE DALTON STROKE

[Illustration: FIGURE 8]

In my next lessons I teach pupils my own stroke--that is, the Dalton
stroke. This is employed when on the back, only instead of going
head-first through the water, as in the back stroke, the pupil goes feet
first. The legs are held out, perfectly straight, then one leg is dropt
down in the water, the upper half of leg from knee to thigh remaining
stationary (Fig. 8). Then, as that leg is drawn back to its original
position, the other leg is brought down in precisely the same manner,
the dropping of both le