(1999)

Pakistan
Pakistani rupees per US dollar - 57.752 (2003), 59.7238
(2002), 61.9272 (2001), 53.6482 (2000), 49.1183 (1999)

Palau
the US dollar is used

Panama
balboas per US dollar - 1 (2003), 1 (2002), 1 (2001), 1
(2000), 1 (1999)

Papua New Guinea
kina per US dollar - 3.5635 (2003), 3.8952 (2002),
3.3887 (2001), 2.7822 (2000), 2.5708 (1999)

Paraguay
guarani per US dollar - 6,424.34 (2003), 5,716.26 (2002),
4,105.92 (2001), 3,486.35 (2000), 3,119.07 (1999)

Peru
nuevo sol per US dollar - 3.4785 (2003), 3.5165 (2002), 3.5068
(2001), 3.49 (2000), 3.3833 (1999)

Philippines
Philippine pesos per US dollar - 54.2033 (2003), 51.6036
(2002), 50.9926 (2001), 44.1922 (2000), 39.089 (1999)

Pitcairn Islands
New Zealand dollars per US dollar - 1.7229 (2003),
2.162 (2002), 2.3776 (2001), 2.1863 (2000), 1.8886 (1999)

Poland
zlotych per US dollar - 3.8891 (2003), 4.08 (2002), 4.0939
(2001), 4.3461 (2000), 3.9671 (1999)
note: zlotych is the plural form of zloty

Portugal
euros per US dollar - 0.886 (2003), 1.0626 (2002), 1.1175
(2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999)

Puerto Rico
the US dollar is used

Qatar
Qatari rials per US dollar - 3.64 (2003), 3.64 (2002), 3.64
(2001), 3.64 (2000), 3.64 (1999)

Reunion
euros per US dollar - 0.886 (2003), 1.0626 (2002), 1.1175
(2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999)

Romania
lei per US dollar - 33,200.1 (2003), 33,055.4 (2002),
29,060.8 (2001), 21,708.7 (2000), 15,332.8 (1999)

Russia
Russian rubles per US dollar - 30.692 (2003), 31.3485 (2002),
29.1685 (2001), 28.1292 (2000), 24.6199 (1999)
note: the post-1 January 1998 ruble is equal to 1,000 of the pre-1
January 1998 rubles

Rwanda
Rwandan francs per US dollar - 537.658 (2003), 476.327
(2002), 442.801 (2001), 389.696 (2000), 333.942 (1999)

Saint Helena
Saint Helenian pounds per US dollar - 0.6661 (2002),
0.6944 (2001), 0.6596 (2000), 0.6180 (1999), 0.6037 (1998),

Saint Kitts and Nevis
East Caribbean dollars per US dollar - 2.7
(2003), 2.7 (2002), 2.7 (2001), 2.7 (2000), 2.7 (1999)

Saint Lucia
East Caribbean dollars per US dollar - 2.7 (2003), 2.7
(2002), 2.7 (2001), 2.7 (2000), 2.7 (1999)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon
euros per US dollar - 0.886 (2003), 1.0626
(2002), 1.0626 (2001), 1.08540 (2000), 0.93863 (1999)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
East Caribbean dollars per US
dollar - 2.7 (2003), 2.7 (2002),