P

Packers and Stockyards Act. _See_ Commerce.

Pardons:
Congressional powers as to; amnesty, etc., 324, 411, 527-528
for Contempts, limitations on President, 408-409, 521
Legal nature, essentials, of; limited effect, 324, 406-407, 409-411,
527-528
of Participant in Civil War, effect, 1173

Patents:
Nature and scope of right secured, 274-275
Patentable discoveries, 271-273
State powers as to, 276

Peddlers, State laws regulating, 786, 1155-1156

Penalties. _See_ Crimes and Offenses.

Peonage. _See_ Involuntary Servitude.

People of the United States:
"Citizens", synonymous with Sovereignty, possessors of, 59-60

Perjured testimony, conviction on, validity, 1124-1126

Petition, Right of. _See_ Freedom of Religion, Speech, Press, Assembly.

Pharmacies, corporate operation of, State regulation as to, 1023

Picketing. _See_ Labor.

Piers. _See_ Wharves and Docks.

Pipe Lines. _See_ Carriers; Public Utilities.

Piracy, power of Congress to define, punish, 277-279

Plants. _See_ Quarantine Laws.

Police Power:
Corporations, contracts of, impairment by, 345-348, 350-352
Federal, as limited by due process clause, 859-862
Foreign commerce, in relation to, 215-217
Implementation of, by Federal prohibition of commerce, 169-173
Interstate commerce, in relation to, 215, 217-252, 968, 1232-1233
State, as limited by equal protection clause, 1144-1146, 1153-1163
State, conflict with national supremacy, 722-726
State, defined, due process clause as restraint on, 974-980, 982-1036,
1091
State, impairment of contracts by, 357-361

Political Questions, concept of, examples, disposition by Federal
courts, etc., 93, 282, 309, 420, 425-426, 471-475, 546-549, 562-566,
571-572, 610, 704-705, 712-715, 1064, 1172

Poll Taxes (_see also_ Elections):
as Direct tax, 105, 317, 319, 321
Exemptions, validity of, 1152
as Qualification for voting, 970, 1152

Polygamy:
Religious precepts, practice pursuant to, 759, 765-766
Seat in House of Representatives refused practitioner of, 89

Posse Comitatus, use by President, etc., in law enforcement, 483

Post Roads. _See_ Roads.

Postal Power. _See_ Postal Service; Roads.

Postal Service:
Congress, power to create, protect, 267-268
Exclusion from mails, censorship, 268-270, 804-805
Federal police power, regulations as to, 859
State regulations affecting, 270

Preamble. _See_ Constitution of the United States