ber's Note: This text contains a single instance of a
character with a diacritical mark. The character is a lower-case
'r' with a caron (v-shaped symbol) above it. In the text, that
character is depicted thusly: [vr] **]

CONTENTS

PAGE

I. GENERAL SURVEY 7
By F.S. MARVIN.

II. PHILOSOPHY 25
By Professor A.E. TAYLOR, St. Andrews.

III. RELIGION 65
By Dr. F.B. JEVONS, Hatfield Hall, Durham.

IV. POETRY 91
By Professor C.H. HERFORD, Manchester.

V. HISTORY 140
By G.P. GOOCH.

VI. POLITICAL THEORY 164
By A.D. LINDSAY, Balliol College, Oxford.

VII. ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 181
1. THE INDUSTRIAL SCENE, 1842 181
2. MINING OPERATIONS 195
3. THE SPIRIT OF ASSOCIATION 209
By C.R. FAY, Christ's College, Cambridge.

VIII. ATOMIC THEORIES 216
By Professor W.H. BRAGG, F.R.S.

IX. BIOLOGY SINCE DARWIN 229
By Professor LEONARD DONCASTER, F.R.S.

X. ART 247
By A. CLUTTON BROCK.

XI. A GENERATION OF MUSIC 262
By Dr. ERNEST WALKER, Balliol College, Oxford.

XII. THE MODERN RENASCENCE 293
By F. MELIAN STAWELL.

I

GENERAL SURVEY

F.S. MARVIN

We are trying in this book to give some impression of the principal
changes and developments of Western thought in what might roughly be
called 'the last generation', though this limit of time has been, as it
must be, treated liberally. From the political point of view the two
most impressive milestones, events which will always mark for the
consciousness of the West the beginning and the end of a period, are no
doubt the war of 1870 and the Great War which has just ended. From 1870
to 1914 would therefore be the most obvious delimitation of our study;
and it is a striking illustration of human paradox, that a great stage
in the growth of unity should be marked by two international tragedies
and crowned by the