s volume, was well known as author, sociologist, and
tramp. He was especially, and it would seem by innate temperament, the
tramp, which part he looked to perfection (he himself referred to his
"weasoned face and diminutive form") and felt completely at home in. He
was thus able to throw much light on the psychology of the tramp, and his
books (such as _Tramping with Tramps_) are valuable from this point of
view. His real name was F. Willard and he was a nephew of Miss Frances
Willard. He died in Chicago, in 1907, at the age of 38, shortly after
writing a frank and remarkable _Autobiography_. I am able to supplement
his observations on tramps, so far as England is concerned, by the
following passages from a detailed record sent to me by an English
correspondent:--

"I am a male invert with complete feminine, sexual inclinations. Different
meetings with 'tramps' led me to seek intimacy with them and for about
twenty years I have gone on the 'tramp' myself so that I might come in the
closest contact with them, in England, Scotland, and Wales.

"As in the United States, there are two classes of tramps those who would
work, such as harvesters, road-makers, etc., and those who will not work,
but make tramping a profession. Among both these classes my experience is
that 90 per cent, or I even would be bold enough to say 100 per cent,
indulge in homosexuality when the opportunity occurs, and I do not make
any distinction between the two classes.

"There are numerous reasons for this and I will state a few. A certain
number may prefer normal connection with a female, but except for those
who tramp in vans and a limited number who have 'donnas' with them, women
are not available, as prostitutes very seldom allow intimacy for 'love'
except when drunk. Tramps are also afraid of any venereal disease as it
means the misery of the Lock Hospital. Most of them are sociable and
prefer to tramp with a 'make.' With this mate, with whom he sleeps and
rests and 'boozes' when they are in funds, sexual intimacy naturally takes
place, as my experience has been that one of the two is male and the
other female in their sexual desires, but I have known instances where
they have acted both roles. Then male prostitution is to be had for
nothing, and even occasionally when a tramp meets a 'toff' it is a means
of earning money, either fairly or otherwise. I have never known a male
tramp to refuse satisfaction if I offered a drink or two, or a small