ain is the central organ of intellect, remarks Gomperz
(_Greek Thinkers_, Eng. tr., vol. i, p. 183), used the idea of
variation in the proportion of male and female generative
elements to account for idiosyncrasies of sexual character. After
an immense interval Hoessli, the inverted Swiss man-milliner, in
his _Eros_ (1838) put forth the Greek view anew. Schopenhauer,
again from the philosophical side, recognized the bisexuality of
the human individual (see Juliusburger, _Allgemeine Zeitschrift
fuer Psychiatrie_, 1912, p. 630), and Ulrichs, from 1862 onward,
adopted a similar doctrine, on a Platonic basis, to explain the
"Uranian" constitution. After this the idea began to be more
precisely developed from the scientific side, though not at first
with reference to homosexuality, and more especially by the great
pioneers of the doctrine of Evolution. Darwin emphasized the
significance of the facts on this point, as later Weismann, while
Haeckel, who was one of the earliest Darwinians, has in recent
years clearly recognized the bearing on the interpretation of
homosexuality of the fact that the ancestors of the vertebrates
were hermaphrodites, as vertebrates themselves still are in their
embryonic disposition (Haeckel, in _Jahrbuch fuer sexuelle
Zwischenstufen_, April, 1913, pp. 262-3, 287). This view had,
however, been set forth at an earlier date by individual
physicians, notably in America by Kiernan (_American Lancet_,
1884, and _Medical Standard_, November and December, 1888), and
Lydston (_Philadelphia Medical and Surgical Reporter_, September,
1889, and _Addresses and Essays_, 1892).

In 1893, in his _L'Inversion Sexuelle_, Chevalier, a pupil of
Lacassagne--who had already applied the term "hermaphrodisme
moral" to this anomaly--explained congenital homosexuality by the
idea of latent bisexuality. Dr. G. de Letamendi, Dean of the
Faculty of Medicine of Madrid, in a paper read before the
International Medical Congress at Rome in 1894, set forth a
principle of panhermaphroditism--a hermaphroditic
bipolarity--which involved the existence of latent female germs
in the male, latent male germs in the female, which latent germs
may strive for, and sometimes obtain, the mastery. In February,
1896, the first version of the present chapter, setting forth the
conception of inversio