with Remarks on
Allopterotism," _Transactions of Pathological Society of London_,
vol. lvii, part i, 1906), pointing out that mere atrophy of the
ovary cannot account for the appearance in the hen bird of male
characters which are not retrogressive but progressive, argues
that such birds are really bisexual or hermaphrodite, either by
the single "ovary" being really bisexual, as was the case with a
fowl they examined, or that the sexual glands are paired, one
being male and the other female, or else that there is misplaced
male tissue in a neighboring viscus like the adrenal or kidney,
the male elements asserting themselves when the female elements
degenerate. "Hermaphroditism," they conclude, "far from being a
phenomenon altogether abnormal amongst the higher vertebrates,
should be viewed rather as a reversion to the primitive ancestral
phase in which bisexualism was the normal disposition.... True
hermaphroditism in man being established, the question arises
whether lesser grades do not occur.... Remote evidence of
bisexuality in the human subject may, perhaps, be afforded by the
psychical phenomenon of sexual perversion and inversion."
Similarly in a case of unilateral secondary male character in an
otherwise female pheasant, C.J. Bond has more recently shown
(Section of Zooelogy, Birmingham Meeting of British Medical
Association, _British Medical Journal_, Sept. 20, 1913) that an
ovi-testis was present, with degenerating ovarian tissue and
developing testicular tissue, and such islands of actively
growing male tissue can frequently be found, he states, in the
degenerating ovaries of female birds which have put forth male
plumage. Sir John Bland-Sutton, referring to the fact that the
external conformation of the body affords no positive certainty
as to the nature of the internal sexual glands, adds (_British
Medical Journal_, Oct. 30, 1909): "It is a fair presumption that
some examples of sexual frigidity and sex perversion may be
explained by the possibility that the individuals concerned may
possess sexual glands opposite in character to those indicated by
the external configuration of their bodies." Looking at the
matter more broadly and fundamentally in its normal aspects,
Heape declares (_Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical
Society_, vol. xiv, part ii, 1907)