tutes, and they obtain sexual satisfaction by passive pederasty
or in ways simulating coitus. In appearance they resemble ordinary male
prostitutes, who are common in Zanzibar, but it is noteworthy that the
natives make a clear distinction between them and men prostitutes. The
latter are looked down on with contempt, while the former, as being what
they are "by the will of God," are tolerated.[36]

Homosexuality; occurs in various parts of Africa. Cases of _effeminatio_
and passive sodomy have been reported from Unyamwezi and Uganda. Among the
Bangala of the Upper Congo sodomy between men is very common, especially
when they are away from home, in strange towns, or in fishing camps. If,
however, a man had intercourse with a woman _per anum_ he was at one time
liable to be put to death.[37]

Among the Papuans in some parts of New Guinea, as already mentioned,
homosexuality is said to be well recognized, and is resorted to for
convenience as well, perhaps, as for Malthusian reasons.[38] But in the
Rigo district of British New Guinea, where habitual sodomy is not
practised, Dr. Seligmann, of the Cambridge Anthropological Expedition to
Torres Straits, made some highly important observations on several men and
women who clearly appeared to be cases of congenital sexual inversion with
some degree of esthetic inversion and even some anatomical
modification.[39] These people, it may be noted, belong to a primitive
race, uncontaminated by contact with white races, and practically still in
the Stone Age.

Finally, among another allied primitive people, the Australians, it would
appear that homosexuality has long been well established in tribal
customs. Among the natives of Kimberley, Western Australia (who are by no
means of low type, quick and intelligent, with special aptitudes for
learning languages and music), if a wife is not obtainable for a young man
he is presented with a boy-wife between the ages of 5 and 10 (the age when
a boy receives his masculine initiation). The exact nature of the
relations between the boy-wife and his protector are doubtful; they
certainly have connection, but the natives repudiate with horror and
disgust the idea of sodomy.[40]

Further light is thrown on homosexuality in Australia by the supposition
of Spencer and Gillen that the _mika_ operation (urethral subincision), an
artificial hypospadias, is for the purpose of homosexual intercourse.
Klaatsch has discussed the homosexual origin of the