until the close of the fifth century, are called the Gemara
(completion), and are published in twelve folio volumes, called the
Babylon Talmud--the Talmud most esteemed by the Jews. The Jerusalem Talmud
contains commentaries written partly by Rabbis in Jamnia and partly in
Tiberias, where they were completed by Rabbi Jochanan in the beginning of
the fourth century. As now published it has only four out of the six
orders or books of the Mishna, with the treatise Niddah from the sixth. In
the time of Maimonides it contained five orders. On twenty-six treatises
it has no Gemara, though in the treatise on shekels the Gemara of
Jerusalem is used for the Babylon Talmud. The six books of the Mishna are
subdivided into sixty-three treatises, in the following manner:

Book I

This book, called Order of Seeds, contains the following treatises:

1. "Blessings," together with prayers and thanksgivings, with the times
and places in which they are to be used.

2. "A Corner of a Field" (Lev. xxiii. 22; Deut. xxiv. 19) treats of the
corners of the field to be left for the poor to glean them--the forgotten
sheaves, olives, and grapes--and of giving alms, etc.

3. "Doubtful" treats of the doubt about the tithes being paid, as the Jews
were not allowed to use anything without its being first tithed.

4. "Diversities" (Lev. xix. 19; Deut. xxii. 9-11) treats of the unlawful
mixing or joining together things of a different nature or kind--of sowing
seeds of a different species in one bed--grafting a scion on a stock of a
different kind, suffering cattle of different kinds to come together.

5. "The Sabbatical Year" (Exod. xxiii. 11; Lev. xxv. 4) treats of the laws
which regulated the land as it lay fallow and rested.

6. "Heave Offerings" (Num. xviii. 8) treats of separating the heave
offering--who may eat it, and who may not eat of it--of its pollutions, etc.

7. "The First Tithes" (Lev. xxvii. 30; Num. xviii. 28) treats of the law
of tithes for the priests.

8. "The Second Tithes" (Deut. xiv. 22; xxvi. 14) treats of those which
were to be carried to Jerusalem and there eaten, or to be redeemed and the
money spent in Jerusalem in peace offerings.

9. "Cake of Dough" (Num. xv. 20) treats of setting apart a cake of dough
for the priests; also, from what kind of dough the cake must be separated.

10. "Uncircumcised Fruit" (Lev. xix. 23) treats of the unlawfulness of
eating the fruit of any tree till the fifth year. The first three y