m."

Chapter IV

1. The morning prayer may be said till noon. R. Judah says "until the
fourth hour." The afternoon prayer until the evening. R. Judah says "until
half the afternoon." The evening prayer has no limit, and the additional
prayers may be said all day. R. Judah says "until the seventh hour."

2. R. Nechooniah, son of Hakanah, used to pray when he entered the
lecture-room, and when he went out he said a short prayer. The (Sages)
said to him, "what occasion is there for this prayer?" He said to them,
"when I enter I pray that no cause of offence may arise through me; and
when I go out I give thanks for my lot."

3. Rabban Gamaliel said, "one must daily say the eighteen prayers." R.
Joshua said "a summary of the eighteen." R. Akivah said, "if his prayer be
fluent in his mouth, he says the eighteen; if not, a summary of the
eighteen."

4. R. Eleazar said, "if one make his prayer fixed, his prayer is not
supplications." R. Joshua said, "if a man travel in dangerous places, let
him use this short prayer: 'Save, O Lord, thy people, the remnant of
Israel; at every stage of their journey(25) let their wants be before
thee. Blessed art thou, O Lord, who hearest prayers.' "

5. If one ride on an ass, he must dismount: if he cannot dismount, he must
turn his face; and if he cannot turn his face, he must direct his heart
toward the Holy of Holies.

6. If one be seated in a ship, or in a carriage, or on a raft, he must
direct his mind toward the Holy of Holies.

7. R. Eleazar, the son of Azariah, said "the additional(26) prayers are
only to be said in a public congregation." But the Sages say, "if there be
a public congregation, or no public congregation." R. Judah said in his
name, "in every place, where there is a public congregation, individuals
are exempted from additional prayers."

Chapter V

1. Men should not stand up to pray, except with reverential head. The
pious of ancient days used to pause one hour before they began to pray,
that they might direct their hearts to God. Though the king salute, one
must not respond; and though a serpent wind itself round his heel, one
must not pause.

2. Men should mention the heavy rain in praying for the resurrection of
the dead; and entreat for rain in the blessing for the year, and "the
distinction between the Sabbath and weekday"(27) is to be said in the
prayer "who graciously bestows knowledge."(28) R. Akivah said, "the
distinction between the Sabb