an History_, ch. xii. 40; W. Ihne, _History of Rome_, i.; E.
Pais, _Storia di Roma_, i. ch. 4 (1898).

FOOTNOTE:

[1] I.e. the "curly-haired."

CINDERELLA (i.e. little cinder girl), the heroine of an almost universal
fairy-tale. Its essential features are (1) the persecuted maiden whose
youth and beauty bring upon her the jealousy of her step-mother and
sisters, (2) the intervention of a fairy or other supernatural
instrument on her behalf, (3) the prince who falls in love with and
marries her. In the English version, a translation of Perrault's
_Cendrillon_, the _glass_ slipper which she drops on the palace stairs
is due to a mistranslation of _pantoufle en vair_ (a _fur_ slipper),
mistaken for _en verre_. It has been suggested that the story originated
in a nature-myth, Cinderella being the dawn, oppressed by the
night-clouds (cruel relatives) and finally rescued by the sun (prince).

See Marian Rolfe Cox, _Cinderella; Three Hundred and Forty-five
Variants_ (1893); A Lang, _Perrault's Popular Tales_ (1888).

CINEAS, a Thessalian, the chief adviser of Pyrrhus, king of Epirus. He
studied oratory in Athens, and was regarded as the most eloquent man of
his age. He tried to dissuade Pyrrhus from invading Italy, and after the
defeat of the Romans at Heraclea (280 B.C.) was sent to Rome to discuss
terms of peace. These terms, which are said by Appian (_De Rebus
Samniticis_, 10, 11) to have included the freedom of the Greeks in Italy
and the restoration to the Bruttians, Apulians and Samnites of all that
had been taken from them, were rejected chiefly through the vehement and
patriotic speech of the aged Appius Claudius Caecus the censor. The
withdrawal of Pyrrhus from Italy was demanded, and Cineas returned to
his master with the report that Rome was a temple and its senate an
assembly of kings. Two years later Cineas was sent to renew negotiations
with Rome on easier terms. The result was a cessation of hostilities,
and Cineas crossed over to Sicily, to prepare the ground for Pyrrhus's
campaign. Nothing more is heard of him. He is said to have made an
epitome of the _Tactica_ of Aeneas, probably referred to by Cicero, who
speaks of a Cineas as the author of a treatise _De Re Militari_.

See Plutarch, _Pyrrhus_, 11-21; Justin xviii. 2; Eutropius ii. 12;
Cicero, _Ad Fam._ ix. 25.

CINEMATOGRAPH, or KINEMATOGRAPH (from [Greek: khinema], motion, and
[Greek: graphein], to depict), an appara