t soil products of northern
United States.

Iowa Pennsylvania
Acres Income Acres Income
Maize 40 $552.00 15 $340.85
Oats 20 185.60 15 200.25
Wheat 5 62.10 15 249.25
Hay 15 151.95 35 655.90
Total 80 $951.65 80 $1,446.25

If 50% is added for the increased yields which may be expected on
account of the employment of better methods, the total yield from 80
acres of arable land would become for Iowa $1,428 and for Pennsylvania
$2,169. This does not mean that farming is necessarily more profitable
in Pennsylvania than in Iowa. Not only may the cost of cultivating an
acre of arable land be greater in Pennsylvania, but usually a larger
territory must be owned in order to obtain 80 acres of arable land.
Eighty acres of these four crops is probably as often grown on a farm of
100 acres in Iowa as on one of 160 acres in Pennsylvania. The total farm
acreage in Iowa is, in round numbers, 35 millions; in Pennsylvania, 19
millions. In Iowa about one-half the farm area is in the farm crops
under consideration, while in Pennsylvania these four crops occupy only
one-third the farm area.

[Illustration: Mr. R. D. Maurice Wertz, after several years in railroad
offices, took charge of his fathers farm at Quincy, Pa., in 1891, and
converted it into a fruit farm. He now has about 220 acres in peaches and
apples. It is understood that he has sent from the above shipping station
and one other about $200,000 worth of fruit in the last six years.]

[Illustration: Mr. T. E. Martin, Rush, N. Y., is one of the most
successful potato growers in the United States. He has a farm of 57 acres
of the Dunkirk series of soil. He has three 18-acre fields in rotation
consisting of potatoes, wheat and clover and alfalfa. Mr. Martin has
increased the yield of potatoes from 60 bushels per acre in 1892 to 417
bushels in 1906. In 1906 he produced 7,510 bushels on 18 acres. In 1907
he sold $2,807.89 worth of potatoes from 18 acres, or $160 per acre. He
attributes his large yields mainly to drainage, thorough preparation of
the soil, good tillage, spraying, clover and alfalfa, manure and
commercial fertilizers.]

(3) Will there be a general increase or decrease in the price of crops
during the coming years?

The following table gives the average farm price for Missouri by
five-year periods.

THE AVERAGE DECEM