ey are all military and naval. Economists, including under the
term the various schools for Socialists, believe they are industrial and
financial. Churchmen look upon them as religious and ethical. What is
lacking is the recognition of that fundamental factor which reflects and
coordinates these essential but incomplete phases of the problem,--the
factor of reproduction. For in all problems affecting the welfare of a
biological species, and particularly in all problems of human welfare,
two fundamental forces work against each other. There is hunger as
the driving force of all our economic, industrial and commercial
organizations; and there is the reproductive impulse in continual
conflict with our economic, political settlements, race adjustments and
the like. Official moralists, statesmen, politicians, philanthropists
and economists display an astounding disregard of this second
disorganizing factor. They treat the world of men as if it were purely
a hunger world instead of a hunger-sex world. Yet there is no phase of
human society, no question of politics, economics, or industry that is
not tied up in almost equal measure with the expression of both of
these primordial impulses. You cannot sweep back overpowering dynamic
instincts by catchwords. You can neglect and thwart sex only at your
peril. You cannot solve the problem of hunger and ignore the problem of
sex. They are bound up together.

While the gravest attention is paid to the problem of hunger and food,
that of sex is neglected. Politicians and scientists are ready
and willing to speak of such things as a "high birth rate," infant
mortality, the dangers of immigration or over-population. But with few
exceptions they cannot bring themselves to speak of Birth Control. Until
they shall have broken through the traditional inhibitions concerning
the discussion of sexual matters, until they recognize the force of the
sexual instinct, and until they recognize Birth Control as the PIVOTAL
FACTOR in the problem confronting the world to-day, our statesmen must
continue to work in the dark. Political palliatives will be mocked
by actuality. Economic nostrums are blown willy-nilly in the unending
battle of human instincts.

A brief survey of the past three or four centuries of Western
civilization suggests the urgent need of a new science to help humanity
in the struggle with the vast problem of to-day's disorder and danger.
That problem, as we envisage it, is fundamen