rom 1346,
enslaved in Wallachia about 1370, protected in the Peloponnesus before
1398. Nor is there is any reason to believe that their arrival in those
countries was a recent one."

Niebuhr, in his travels through Arabia, met with hordes of these
strolling Gipsies in the warm district of Yemen, and M. Sauer in like
manner found them established in the frozen regions of Siberia. His
account of them, published in 1802, shows the Gipsy to be the same in
Northern Russia as with us in England. He describes them as follows:--"I
was surprised at the appearance of detached families throughout the
Government of Tobolsk, and upon inquiry I learned that several roving
companies of these people had strolled into the city of Tobolsk." The
governor thought of establishing a colony of them, but they were too
cunning for the simple Siberian peasant. He placed them on a footing
with the peasants, and allotted a portion of land for cultivation with a
view of making them useful members of society. They rejected houses even
in this severe climate, and preferred open tents or sheds. In Hungary
and Transylvania they dwell in tents during the summer, and for their
winter quarters make holes ten or twelve feet deep in the earth. The
women, one writer says, "deal in old clothes, prostitution, wanton
dances, and fortune-telling, and are indolent beggars and thieves. They
have few disorders except the measles and small-pox, and weaknesses in
their eyes caused by the smoke. Their physic is saffron put into their
soup, with bleeding." In Hungary, as with other nations, they have no
sense of religion, though with their usual cunning and hypocrisy they
profess the established faith of every country in which they live.

The following is an article taken from the _Saturday Review_, December
13th, 1879:--"It has been repeated until the remark has become accepted
as a sort of truism that the Gipsies are a mysterious race, and that
nothing is known of their origin. And a few years ago this was true; but
within those years so much has been discovered that at present there is
really no more mystery attached to the beginning of those nomads than is
peculiar to many other peoples. What these discoveries or grounds of
belief are we shall proceed to give briefly, our limits not permitting
the detailed citation of authorities. First, then, there appears to be
every reason for believing with Captain Richard Burton that the Jats of
North-Western In