egate tonnage burden of vessels belonging to Great Britain
engaged in the foreign trade was considerably more than ten times that
amount. Of our export trade to Europe United States vessels carry only
five and one half per cent., and of our export trade to Africa only
four and one half per cent. But of our export trade to Asia and
Oceanica our own vessels carry twenty six and one half per cent.,
while of our export trade to other countries on the American continent
our own vessels carry nearly forty per cent. But as our Atlantic trade
is seventy six per cent. of the whole, and as our trade elsewhere than
on the Atlantic is more than one third carried by sailing-vessels, it
is evident how largely our steamship ocean carrying trade has been
allowed to fall into the hands of foreigners. Seven tenths of our
total export trade, and nearly two thirds of our total foreign trade,
both export and import, are carried in British vessels. The next
greatest carriers of our foreign trade are, first, the Germans, then
ourselves, then the Norwegians, then the Dutch, then the French, then
the Belgians.

EXAMINATION PAPERS

NOTE.--_The following questions are given for the purpose of
indicating to the student the sort of knowledge he ought to be
possessed of after he has made a careful study of the papers of
the course. The student is recommended to write out carefully
the answers to the questions asked. Only such answers need be
attempted as can be made from a careful study of the papers._

_PART I_

1. GREAT BRITAIN. Give as full an account as you can of the causes
which have made London the great commercial centre of the world.

2. GREAT BRITAIN. England is said to be "a beehive of mercantile and
manufacturing industry." Give reasons for this statement and also show
how England has become such.

3. GREAT BRITAIN. (_a_) Describe the foreign trade of Great Britain.
(_b_) Describe the steps taken by Liverpool, Manchester, and Glasgow
to improve their natural facilities for external trade.

4. FRANCE. (_a_) Describe the conditions which (1) conduce toward, and
(2) militate against, France's being a great commercial nation. (_b_)
Give an account of the distinctive manufactures of France.

5. GERMANY. (_a_) Give an account of what Germany has accomplished in
technical education. (_b_) Compare Germany and France as commercial
nations. (_c_) Give a brief account of Ge