ing
names by which it was thought necessary to propitiate the
dead; it then came to have that significance of _resplendent
with light_ which is ordinarily attributed to it.

** The incantations of which the Leyden Papyrus published
by Pleyte is full are directed against _dead men or dead
women_ who entered into one of the living to give him the
_migraine_, and violent headaches. Another Leyden Papyrus,
briefly analyzed by Ohabas, and translated by Maspero,
contains the complaint, or rather the formal act of
requisition of a husband whom the _luminous_ of his wife
returned to torment in his home, without any just cause for
such conduct.

One effectual means there was, and one only, of escaping or preventing
these visitations, and this lay in taking to the tomb all the various
provisions of which the double stood in need, and for which it visited
their dwellings. Funerary sacrifices and the regular cultus of the
dead originated in the need experienced for making provision for the
sustenance of the manes after having secured their lasting existence by
the mummification of their bodies.[*]

* Several chapters of the _Book of the Dead_ consist of
directions for giving food to that part of man which
survives his death, e.g. chap, cv., "_Chapter for providing
food for the double_" (Naville's edition, pl. cxvii.), and
chap, cvi., "_Chapter for giving daily abundance unto the
deceased, in Memphis_" (Naville's edition, pl. cxviii.).

[Illustration: 161.jpg SACRIFICING TO THE DEAD IN THE TOMB CHAPEL. 2]

2 Stela of Antuf I., Prince of Thebes, drawn by Faucher-
Gudin from a photograph taken by Emil Brugsch-Bey. Below,
servants and relations are bringing the victims and cutting
up the ox at the door of the tomb. In the middle is the dead
man, seated under his pavilion and receiving the sacrifice:
an attendant offers him drink, another brings him the haunch
of an ox a third a basket and two jars; provisions fill the
whole chamber. Behind Antuf stand two servants, the one
fanning his master, and the second offering him his staff
and sandals. The position of the door, which is in the
lowest row of the scenes, indicates that what is represented
above it takes place within the tomb.

Gazelles and oxen were brought and sacrificed at the door of the tomb
chapel; the haunches, h