Guyard.

_Instruction de l'infanterie,_ &c. Schauenbourg.

_Traite de tactique._ Ternay et Koch.

_Mecanism des manoeuvres de guerre de l'infanterie polonaise._
Vroniecki.

_Traite sur l'infanterie legere._ Beurmann.

_English Cavalry Regulations._

_Ordonnance_ (French) _sur l'exercice et les evolutions de la
cavalerie._

_Les troupes a cheval de France,_ &c. De Bourge.

_Avant-postes de cavalerie legere._ Brack. The author served with
distinction under Lassale, Colbert, Maison, Pujol, and Excelmans.

_Reflexions sur l'emploi de la cavalerie,_ &c. Caraman.

_Observations sur l'ordonnance, &c., de la cavalerie._ Dejean.

_Tactique de la cavalerie._ Itier.

_Elements de tactique pour la cavalerie,_ par Mottin de la Balme. A work
of rare merit.

_De l'emploi de la cavalerie a la guerre._ Schauenbourg.

_Remarques sur la cavalerie._ Warnery. This work has long enjoyed a high
reputation among the cavalry officers of the European services. The
Paris edition is enriched with notes by a French general officer.

_Nachrichten und Betrachtungen ueber die Thaten und Schicksale der
Reiterei,_ &c. This work discusses the operations of cavalry in the
campaigns of Frederick the Great and of Napoleon, down to the battle of
Lutzen in 1813.

_Examen du livret provisoire,_ &c. Marbot.

_Le Spectateur Militaire,_ contains many essays by cavalry officers on
the various questions connected with the organization and use of this
arm.

_Die Gefechtslehre der beiden verbundenen Waffen-Kavallerie und
reitenden Artillerie._ Decker.

_Manuel de l'officier._ Ruhle de Lilienstern.

_Aide-memoire, a l'usage des officiers de cavalerie._

_Journal de l'infanterie et de la cavalerie._

_Traite de tactique pour les officiers d'infanterie et de cavalerie._

_Histoire des exploits et des vicissitudes de la cavalerie prussienne._
Coutz.

CHAPTER XI.

ARMY ORGANIZATION.--ARTILLERY.

_Artillery_.--Previous to the invention of gunpowder in the thirteenth
century, the machines of war were divided between two classes of
military men, the engineers (_engignours_, as they were called in the
middle ages) and the artillery, (_artilliers_, as they were formerly
called,) the latter being particularly charged with the management of
the lighter and more portable projectile machines, such as the balistas
and arco-balistas, which were used for throwing different kinds of
arrows--_fleches, viretons, carreaux, matras_, &c., while t