not only greatly
increased but has increased faster than British commerce with foreign
countries. Trade with Canada, Australia, India, Egypt, New Zealand and
the Straits has grown steadily and rapidly.

[3] This argument, however, is not entirely conclusive, since it
concerns itself with the _present_ trade exclusively. The profits in
1755 on the trade with Canada would not have justified Great Britain in
seeking to acquire it.

[4] "Britischer Imperialisms und Freihandel."

[5] In the chief industries there were 4,074,000 out of a population of
17,928,000 in 1851 and 4,966,000 out of a population of 32,526,000 in
1901.

[6] No such criticism can apply to the relative British decline of such
crude industries as the production of coal and raw iron, since it is
natural and desirable for more highly developed industrial nations to
go over increasingly from the cruder to the more refined and
differentiated forms of production.

[7] "As we look back, we survey the long road which England has
traversed in a century. Towards the end of the eighteenth century the
leading man was the landlord and behind him the _breitspurig_
comfortable farmer; towards the middle of the nineteenth century it was
the manufacturer and behind him the industrial workers, ripening into
trade unionists and members of co-operative societies; to-day it is the
financier and behind him the broad masses of the _rentiers_." _Op.
cit._, p. 322.

[8] There may, however, be regulation, although this is, for any one
nation, a difficult operation.

[9] See Burgess' "Homeland."

[10] In his celebrated book, "The Nation in Arms," the late
Field-Marshall von der Goltz shows how necessary is the sense of the
imminence of war to the maintenance of the prestige of the officer
class, which, as he states, is "chosen from the German aristocracy."
He quotes approvingly the words of Decken: "Now, when in consequence of
a long peace the memories of past services have become completely
obliterated, and there is no immediate prospect of a war, the citizens
take more and more note of the burden of the upkeep of an army, and
attempt to convince themselves of the uselessness of this institution."
To which Von der Goltz adds: "The present day (1883), especially in
Germany is favourable in this respect to the officer class. Great and
successful wars have enhanced its renown, and have moderated the envy
of others. But should peace endure for several decades to com