._, 99.

CHAPTER VI

SLAVERY

Origin and motives.--Slavery taught steady labor.--Servitude of
group to group.--Slavery and polygamy.--Some men serve
others.--Freedom and equality.--Figurative use of "slave."--
Ethnography of slavery.--Family slavery.--Slavery amongst North
American savages.--Slavery in South America.--Slavery in
Polynesia and Melanesia.--Slavery in the East Indies.--Slavery
in Asia.--Slavery in Japan.--Slavery in higher civilization.--
Slavery amongst Jews.--Slavery in the classical states.--
Slavery at Rome.--Slave revolts.--Later Roman slavery.--Slaves
in the civil wars; clientage.--Manumission. Natural liberty.--
Slavery as represented in the inscriptions.--Rise of freedom in
industry.--Freedmen in the state.--Philosophers opponents of
slavery.--The industrial colleges.--Laws changed in favor of
slaves.--Christianity and slavery.--The colonate.--
Depopulation.--Summary view of Roman slavery.--The
Therapeuts.--Slavery amongst the Germanic nations.--The sale of
children.--Slavery and the state.--Slavery in Europe. Italy in
the Middle Ages.--Slavery in France.--Slavery in Islam.--
Review of slavery in Islam.--Slavery in England.--Slavery in
America.--Colonial slavery.--Slavery preferred by slaves.--The
future of slavery.--Relation of slavery to the mores and to
ethics.

+270. Origin and motives.+ Slavery is a thing in the mores which
is not well covered by our definition. Slavery does not arise in
the folkways from the unconscious experimentation of individuals
who have the same need which they desire to satisfy, and who try
in separate acts to do it as well as they can. It is rather due
to ill feeling towards members of an out-group, to desire to get
something for nothing, to the love of dominion which belongs to
vanity, and to hatred of labor. "The simple wish to use the
bodily powers of another person, as a means of ministering to
one's own ease or pleasure, is doubtless the foundation of
slavery, and as old as human nature."[625] "There is an
extraordinary power of tyranny invested in the chiefs of tribes
and nations of men that so vastly outweighs the analogous power
possessed by the leaders of animal herds as to rank as a special
attribute of human society, eminently conducive to
slavishness."[626] The desire t