tlement of all questions between the sister colony and the great
republic is hardly yet in sight. A _modus vivendi_ pending settlement
was again signed in August, 1908. The fishing industry is not confined
to the maritime provinces. River and lake fishing are carried on in
Ontario, Manitoba, and the new provinces; and British Columbia has
fisheries and canneries of great importance on her coast and rivers.
The total value of the yield of the fisheries for 1908 was about
twenty-five million dollars.

The population of the Dominion in 1908 was {425} estimated to be about
six and a half millions, with a yearly immigration of between 150,000
and 200,000. The French Canadians numbered about 1,500,000, and of the
rest the majority were English, Scotch, and Irish. The new immigration
is introducing each year a large number of non-English-speaking people,
and also some very desirable settlers in the American farmers from the
Western States. Among the more important foreign settlements are those
of the Doukhobors, who were received in Canada as refugees from
persecution in Russia, and who have repeatedly given trouble to the
authorities on account of their fanatical resistance to orderly
government.

The revenue of Canada for 1907-8 was $96,054,505, and the expenditure
was $76,641,451, leaving a surplus of nearly twenty million dollars.
At the close of the fiscal year the debt of Canada amounted to
$277,960,259. Canals, lighthouses, railways, Government buildings, and
other public works are the assets which Canada has to set against this
debt, which represents the expenditure necessary for the development of
a new and widely extended country.

In education the Dominion ranks almost equal to the Northern States of
America. Every province has a public school system, and the primary
and grammar schools, especially of Ontario, are a pride and a credit to
the people of the province. In 1908 there were seventeen universities
in the Dominion. Among them may be mentioned McGill in Montreal, Laval
in Quebec, Queen's in Kingston, Dalhousie {426} in Halifax, University
of Toronto in Toronto, and the University of Manitoba in Winnipeg. The
University of Alberta was founded in 1906, that of Saskatchewan in
1907, and British Columbia in 1908.

Every city in Canada and every town of any size has its newspaper or
newspapers--daily, bi-weekly, or weekly. Canadian journalism has a
character quite of its own, leaning more to Americ