d John W. Johnston
were natives of the state, belonging to old and influential families.
The former was a Republican; the latter a Democrat.--In North Carolina,
John Pool was an old Whig, prominent in the politics of his State
before the war. Joseph C. Abbot was from New Hampshire, a
Brigadier-General in the Union Army.--Thomas J. Robertson of South
Carolina was a native of the State, and Frederick A. Sawyer was from
Massachusetts, but had lived in the State since 1859.--Joshua Hill and
Thomas M. Norwood of Georgia were both Southern men by birth. Mr. Hill
was a representative in the Thirty-fifth and Thirty-sixth Congresses,
and when the State seceded refused to resign. He joined the
Republican party after the war. Mr. Norwood entered the Senate as a
Democrat.--Thomas W. Osborn and Abijah Gilbert, senators from Florida,
were both from the North, the former a native of New Jersey, the latter
of New York.--The senators from Alabama, Willard Warner and George E.
Spencer, the former born in Ohio, the latter in New York, were both
officers of the Union Army.--Hiram R. Revels and Adalbert Ames were the
senators from Mississippi. The former was born in the South. The
latter was born in Maine, was a graduate of West Point and became highly
distinguished as an officer in the war.--John S. Harris and William
Pitt Kellogg were senators from Louisiana. The former was a native of
New York. The latter was born in Vermont, but had long resided in
Illinois. He served in the Union Army with the rank of Colonel in the
Donelson and Shiloh campaigns under General Grant.--The senators from
Texas, Morgan C. Hamilton and J. W. Flanagan, were both natives of
the State and long domiciled in Texas.--Of the Tennessee senators one
was born in the South and one in the North.

The representation of the Southern States being complete in both Houses
before the close of the first session of the Forty-first Congress, an
impartial estimate could be made of the strength and capacity of the
men who were opprobriously designated in the South either as
Carpet-baggers or Scalawags. It was soon ascertained that the unstinted
abuse heaped upon them as a class was unjust and often malicious. The
large proportion, and notably those who remained in Congress beyond
two years, were men of character and respectability, in many cases
indeed of decided cleverness. But their misfortune was that they had
assumed a responsibility which could be successfully di