tions of
storage, the result being that it may be kept for what in practice amount
to indefinite periods of time, either in cartridges or in bulk without any
alteration being feared. The E.C. powders are used in sporting guns. No. 1
and No. 2 E.C. are not at present manufactured, E.C. No. 3 having taken
their place entirely. Since 1890 these powders have been manufactured
under the Borland-Johnson patents, these improved powders being for some
time known as the J.B. powders. The E.C. No. 1 was superseded by the E.C.
No. 2, made under the Borland-Johnson patents, and this in its turn by the
E.C. No. 3 (in 1897).

[Footnote A: Invented in 1869 by Major Le Boulenge, Belgian Artillery. It
is intended to record the mean velocity between any two points, and from
its simplicity and accuracy is largely employed. Other forms have been
invented by Capt. Breger, French Artillerie de la Marine, and Capt.
Holden, R.A.]

~Indurite~ is the invention of Professor C.E. Munroe, of the U.S. Naval
Torpedo Station. It is made from insoluble nitro-cotton, treated in a
particular manner by steam, and mixed with nitro-benzene. The _Dupont_
powder is very similar to _Indurite_. M.E. Leonard, of the United States,
invented a powder consisting of 75 parts of nitro-glycerine, 25 parts of
gun-cotton, 5 parts of lycopodium powder, and 4 parts of urea crystals
dissolved in acetone. The French smokeless powder, Vielle poudre (poudre
B), used in the Lebel rifle, is a mixture of nitro-cellulose and tannin,
mixed with barium and potassium nitrates. It gives a very feeble report,
and very little bluish smoke. The Nobel Company is said to be perfecting a
smokeless powder in which the chief ingredients are nitro-amido- and tri-
nitro-benzene. C.O. Lundholm has patented (U.S. Pat, 701,591, 1901) a
smokeless powder containing nitro-glycerine 30, nitro-cellulose 60, diamyl
phthalate 10 (or diamyl phthalate 5, and mineral jelly 5). The diamyl
phthalate is added, with or without the mineral jelly to nitro-glycerine
and nitro-cellulose.

~Walsrode Powder.~--The smokeless powder known as Walsrode powder consists
of absolutely pure gelatinised nitro-cellulose, grained by a chemical not
a mechanical process, consequently the grains do not need facing with
gelatine to prevent their breaking up, as is the case with many nitro
powders. For this same reason, as well as from the method of getting rid
of the solvent used, the Walsrode has no tendency whatever to absorb