d," and the Crown was worth
at the time 6s. 3 1/2 d.--somewhat more than $1.50.

The later silver _gulden_, worth about forty cents was current in
Europe until modern times, and a _gulden_, worth 48 1/2 cents,
was, until recently, a standard coin in Austro-Hungary.

[18] _Grosse Hansen_.

[19] Men who exercised a delegated authority and acted as the
representatives of pope and bishop in matters of church law.

[20] See especially the _Address to the Christian Nobility_ and
the _Babylonian Captivity_.

[21] On the number of the sections see the Introduction, p. 178.

[22] Here, as also in his Catechism, Luther departs from the Old
Testament form of the Third Commandment. His restatement of it is
extremely difficult to put into English, because of the various
meanings of the word _Feiertag_. It may mean "day of rest," or
"holiday," or "holy day." By the use of this word Luther avoids
the difficulty of first retaining the Jewish Sabbath in the
Commandment and then rejecting it in favor of the Christian
Sunday in the explanation.

[23] _Gottesdienst_.

[24] A reference to the Requiem Mass, sung both at the burial of
the dead, and on the anniversary of the day of death. The word
translated "memorial," _Begangniss_, is literally, "a burial
service."

[25] See also the _Treatise on the New Testament_, elsewhere in
this volume.

[26] The sermons were frequently either scholastic arguments or
popular, often comic tirades against current immorality; the
materials were taken from the stories of the saints as much as
from the Bible.

[27] Lived 1091-1153. Founder of the Cistercian monastery at
Clairvaux, of whom Luther says: "If there ever lived on earth a
God-fearing and holy monk, it was Saint Bernard, of Clairvaux."
_Erl. Ed._, 36, 8.

[28] Cf. _Discussion of Confession_, above, p. 81 f.

[29] The prayer-book and the rosary. The Breviary, a collection
of prayers, was used by the clergy; the Rosary, the beads of
which represent prayers, the smaller and more numerous _Ave
Marias_, the larger of the Lord's Prayer, _Paternoster_, was the
layman's prayer book.

[30] Cf. Introduction to _The Fourteen of Consolation_, p. 106.

[31] See note, p. 191.

[32] The German, _Oelgotzen_, means the wooden images of saints,
which were painted with oil paints. It was transferred to any
dull person, block-head, sometimes also to priests, who were
anointed with oil at their consecration.

[33] _Sinnlichkeit_.

[34] St. B