0 he is already beginning to use
stronger language. He would like to know who gave the power to
withhold the cup (sec. 34). In the _Babylonian Captivity_ and in
the _Abuse of the Mass_ he unsparingly condemns the Roman
practice. On the number of the sacraments, Luther seems not yet
to have been entirely in the clear when he wrote this work. In
Section 24 he mentions, besides baptism and the Lord's Supper,
"confirmation, penance, extreme unction, etc." In the _Babylonian
Captivity_ he definitely reduces the seven sacraments of the
Roman Church to baptism, the Lord's Supper and penance, but he
had his doubts on this point before he wrote this present work,
as we may conclude from a remark in the _Sermon_ of 1519, in
which he distinguishes "baptism and the bread" as the two
"principal sacraments," and also from a letter to Spalatin,[16]
in which he writes that no one need expect from him a publication
on the other sacraments until he shall first have been taught by
what passage of Scripture he may justify them.[17] In conclusion,
it may be said that this whole _Treatise on the New Testament_ is
a beautiful illustration of the constructive power of Luther's
work. In the work of tearing down he proceeds with the greatest
care, ever mindful of his duty to replace the old with something
new which can stand the test of Scripture.

J. L. NEVE.

Wittenberg Theological Seminary,

Springfield, O.

FOOTNOTES

[1] As the earliest prints, the following may be mentioned: (1)
By Joh. Gruenenberg in Wittenberg, 11520 (the basis of the Weimar
text); (2) by the same publisher, 1520; (3) by Melchior Lotther
in Wittenberg, 1520; (4) by Silanus Ottmar in Wittenberg, Aug.
21st, 1520 (this is the text of the _Erlangen Edition_); (5) a
Wittenberg print with no mention of the publisher, but otherwise
identical in appearance with No. 4; (6) by Fridrichen Peypus at
Nurnberg, 1520; (7) a Wittenberg print, 1520, with no mention of
the publisher; (8) by Adam Petri in Basel, 1520; (9) a Wittenberg
edition of 1520, revised by Luther (_anderweit gecorigiert durch
D. Mart. Luther_); this edition in octavo, all the preceding in
quarto. The text of this treatise in the following collections of
Luther's works, Wittenberg, VII, 25 ff.; Jena, I, 329 ff.;
Altenburg, I, 514 ff.; Leipzig, XVII 490 ff.; Walch XIX, 1256
ff.; Erlangen XXVII, 141 ff.; Weimar VI. 353 ff.

[2] By the word "mass" Luther means the celebration of the Lord's
Supper. Ev