srs. Methuen & Co., Ltd.)

[194] Translated from Frederic Bastiat, _Oeuvres completes_, tome VI,
"Harmonies economiques," 9e edition, p. 350. (Paris, 1884.)

[195] Translated from Georg Simmel, _Philosophie des Geldes_, pp.
351-52. (Duncker und Humblot, 1900.)

[196] Henry S. Maine, _Village-Communities in the East and West_, pp.
192-97. (New York, 1889.)

[197] Henry Higgs, _The Physiocrats_, p. 142. (London, 1897.)

[198] Adam Smith, _Wealth of Nations_ (Cannan's edition), I, 342.
London, 1904.

[199] _Ibid._ I, 148.

[200] Thomas Mackay, _A Plea for Liberty_. An argument against socialism
and socialistic legislation, consisting of an introduction by Herbert
Spencer and essays by various writers, p. 24. (New York, 1891.)

[201] _Lectures on the Relation between Law and Opinion in England,
during the Nineteenth Century._ 2d ed. (London, 1914).

[202] _The Principles of Taxation._ Everyman's Library. Preface by F. W.
Kolthamer, p. xii.

[203] _Soziologie_, p. 686. (Leipzig, 1908.)

[204] John Stuart Mill, _On Liberty_. (London, 1859.)

[205] _Criminality and Economic Conditions._ (Boston, 1916.)

CHAPTER IX

CONFLICT

I. INTRODUCTION

1. The Concept of Conflict

The distinction between competition and conflict has already been
indicated. Both are forms of interaction, but competition is a struggle
between individuals, or groups of individuals, who are not necessarily
in contact and communication; while conflict is a contest in which
contact is an indispensable condition. Competition, unqualified and
uncontrolled as with plants, and in the great impersonal life-struggle
of man with his kind and with all animate nature, is unconscious.
Conflict is always conscious, indeed, it evokes the deepest emotions and
strongest passions and enlists the greatest concentration of attention
and of effort. Both competition and conflict are forms of struggle.
Competition, however, is continuous and impersonal, conflict is
intermittent and personal.

Competition is a struggle for position in an economic order. The
distribution of populations in the world-economy, the industrial
organization in the national economy, and the vocation of the individual
in the division of labor--all these are determined, in the long run, by
competition. The status of the individual, or a group of individuals, in
the social order, on the other hand, is determined by rivalry; by war,
or by subtler forms of conflict.

"Two is