divided into four
geographical sections; the tide-water, the Piedmont (running from the
tide-water region to the Blue Mountains), the valley between these
mountains and the Alleghanies, and the trans-Alleghany to the Ohio.
These three last sections, containing three fourths of the area and
white population of the State, surpass New York in salubrity, with the
most bracing and delightful climate. The climate of Virginia is far more
favorable for stock and agricultural products than New York, with longer
and better seasons, and is more salubrious than the climate of Europe.
(Comp. 1850.)

PROGRESS OF WEALTH.--We have seen how great was the advance in
population of New York over Virginia, from 1790 to 1860, being in the
ratio of more than 9 to 1. Now let us compare the relative progress of
wealth. It is contended by the advocates of slavery, that it accumulates
wealth more rapidly, and thus enriches the nation, although it may
depress its moral and intellectual development, its increase of numbers
and of power, and tarnish its reputation throughout the world. As
population and its labor create wealth, it must be retarded by a system
which, as we have seen in this case, diminishes the relative advance of
numbers in the ratio of more than 9 to 1. But the Census proves that
slavery greatly retards the increase of wealth. By Tables 33 and 36 of
the Census of 1860, it appears, omitting commerce, that the products of
industry, as given, viz., of agriculture, manufactures, mines, and
fisheries, were that year in New York $606,000,000, or $156 _per
capita_; and in Virginia $120,000,000, or $75 _per capita_. This shows a
total value of product in New York more than five times greater than in
Virginia, and _per capita_ more than 2 to 1. If we include the earnings
of commerce, and all business not given in the Census, I think it will
be shown hereafter, that the value of the products and earnings of New
York, in 1860, exceeded those of Virginia at least 7 to 1. As to the
rate of increase, the value of the products of agriculture,
manufactures, mines, and fisheries, of Virginia, in 1850, was
$84,180,428 (Table 9), and in New York $358,736,603, showing an increase
in Virginia from 1850 to 1860 of $35,519,572, being 41 per cent., and in
New York $249,263,397, being 70 per cent., exhibiting a difference of 29
per cent. Now the increase of population in Virginia from 1850 to 1860
was 12.29 per cent., and in New York 25.29 per cent., the d