lfred Tennyson; a man
of fine nature and delicate susceptibility as a poet, whose friendship
and "heart union" with his greater brother is revealed in "Poems by Two
Brothers" (1808-1879).

TURNER, JOSEPH MALLORD WILLIAM, great English landscape painter,
born probably in London, the son of a hairdresser; had little education,
and grew up illiterate, as he remained all his days; took to art from his
earliest boyhood; soon became acquainted with the artist class, and came
under the notice of Sir Joshua Reynolds; began to exhibit at 15; was
elected Associate of the Royal Academy at 24, and made an Academician at
28; he took interest in nothing but art, and led the life of a recluse;
was never married, and was wedded solely to his work; travelled much in
England and on the Continent, sketching all day long; produced in
water-colour and oil scene after scene, and object after object, as they
impressed him, and represented them as _he_ saw them; being a man of
moderate desires he lived economically, and he died rich, leaving his
means to found an asylum for distressed artists; of his works there is no
space to take note here; yet these are all we know of the man, and they
stamp him as a son of genius, who saw visions and dreamed dreams; he
early fascinated the young Ruskin; Ruskin's literary career began with
the publication of volume after volume in his praise, and in his
enthusiasm he characterised him as the "greatest painter of all time"
(1775-1851). See PERUGINO.

TURNER, SHARON, historian, born in London, where he led a busy life
as an attorney; devoted his leisure to historical studies, the first of
which were "History of Anglo-Saxons" and "History of England from the
Norman Conquest to the Death of Elizabeth," essays, &c. (1768-1847).

TURPIN, DICK, a felon executed at York for horse-stealing;
celebrated for his ride to York in Ainsworth's "Rookwood."

TUSCANY (2,274), a department of Italy, formerly a grand-duchy, lies
S. and W. of the Apennines, fronting the Tyrrhenian Sea on the W.;
mountainous in the N. and E., but otherwise consisting of fertile dale
and plain, in which the vine, olive, and fruits abound; silk is an
important manufacture, and the marble quarries of Siena are noted; formed
a portion of ancient ETRURIA (q. v.); was annexed to Sardinia
in 1859, and in 1861 was incorporated in the kingdom of Italy. Capital,
Florence.

TUSCULUM, a ruined Roman city, 15 m. SE. of Rome; at one time a
favo