mmedan religion and law, such as the Imams, or religious
teachers, the Muftis, or expounders of the law and the Cadis, or judges;
its decrees are called "fetvas."

ULLMANN, KARL, German theologian; was professor at Heidelberg: wrote
"Reformers before the Reformation," but is best known as author of "The
Sinlessness of Jesus" (1796-1865).

ULLSWATER, second largest of the English lakes, lies between
Cumberland and Westmorland, 8 m. long, and its average breadth 1 m.; is
looked down upon by Helvellyn, on the SW.

ULM (36), city of Wuertemberg, on the Danube, 46 m. SE. of Stuttgart;
was an imperial free city, and is a place of great importance; is famed
for its cathedral, which for size ranks next to Cologne, as well as for
its town hall; has textile manufactories and breweries, and is famed for
its confectionery; here General Mack, with 28,000 Austrians, surrendered
to Marshal Key in 1805.

ULOTRICHI, name given to the races that have crisp or woolly hair.

ULPHILAS, Gothic bishop; famous for his translation of the
Scriptures into Gothic, the part which remains being of great
philological value; was an Arian in theology (311-381).

ULRICI, HERMANN, German philosopher and literary critic, born in
Lower Lusatia; professor at Halle; wrote against the Hegelian philosophy
as pantheistic, and also studies in Shakespeare (1806-1884).

ULSTER (1,617), the northern province of Ireland, is divided into
the nine counties of Antrim, Armagh, Cavan, Donegal, Down, Fermanagh,
Londonderry, Monaghan, and Tyrone, and has an area of 8560 sq. m.; became
an English settlement in 1611, and was largely colonised from Scotland;
it is the most Protestant part of the island, though the Catholics
predominate, and is the most enterprising and prosperous part; the land
is extensively cultivated, and flax growing and spinning the chief
industries.

ULTIMUS ROMANORUM (the last of the Romans), name given by Caesar to
Brutus, as one with whom the old Roman spirit would become extinct;
applied to the last of any sturdy race.

ULTRAMONTANISM, name given to extreme views in the matter of the
prerogatives and authority of the Pope, so called in France as prevailing
on the other side of the Alps.

ULUGH-BEG, a Tartar prince, grandson of Tamerlane; astronomy was a
favourite study of his, and in the patronage of it he founded an
observatory at Samarcand; after a reign of 40 years conjointly with his
father and by himself, he was