d is shown to be erroneous.

OBS. 4.--But there are yet other objections to this doctrine, other errors
and inconsistencies in the teaching of it. Exactly the same kind of verse
as this, which is said to consist of "_four iambuses_" from one of which "a
syllable _is cut off_," is subsequently scanned by the same authors as
being composed of "_three trochees_ and an _additional_ syllable; as,

'Haste thee, | Nymph, and | bring with | _thee_
Jest and | youthful | Jolli |-_ty_.'--MILTON."
_Wells's School Grammar_, p. 200.

"V=it~al | sp=ark of | he=av'nly | _fl=me_,
Q=uit ~oh | q=uit th~is | m=ort~al | _fr=ame_." [509][--POPE.]
_Hiley's English Grammar_, p. 126.

There is, in the works here cited, not only the inconsistency of teaching
two very different modes of scanning the same species of verse, but in each
instance the scansion is wrong; for all the lines in question are _trochaic
of four feet_,--single-rhymed, and, of course, catalectic, and ending with
a caesura, or elision. In no metre that lacks but one syllable, can this
sort of foot occur _at the beginning_ of a line; yet, as we see, it is
sometimes _imagined_ to be there, by those who have never been able to find
it _at the end_, where it oftenest exists!

OBS. 5.--I have hinted, in the main paragraph above, that it is a common
error of our prosodists, to underrate, by one foot, the measure of all
trochaic lines, when they terminate with single rhyme; an error into which
they are led by an other as gross, that of taking for hypermeter, or mere
surplus, the whole rhyme itself, the sound or syllable most indispensable
to the verse.

"(For rhyme the _rudder_ is of verses,
With which, like ships, they steer their courses.)"--_Hudibras._

Iambics and trochaics, of corresponding metres, and exact in them, agree of
course in both the number of feet and the number of syllables; but as the
former are slightly redundant with double rhyme, so the latter are
deficient as much, with single rhyme; yet, the number of feet may, and
should, in these cases, be reckoned the same. An estimable author now
living says, "Trochaic verse, with an additional long syllable, is the same
as iambic verse, without the initial short syllable."--_N. Butler's
Practical Gram._, p. 193. This instruction is not quite accurate. Nor would
it be right, even if there could be "iambic verse without the initial short
syllable," and if it were universally _tru