when occasion
requires, reverse it; as, "If you said _s=o_, then I said _so_."

VII. [[~]] The BREVE, or STENOTONE, is used to denote either the close,
short, _shut_ sound of a vowel, or a syllable of short quantity; as,
_l~ive_, to have life,--_r~av'en_, to devour,[468]--_c~al~am~us_, a reed.

VIII. [=] The MACRON, or MACROTONE,[469] is used to denote either the open,
long, _primal_ sound of a vowel, or a syllable of long quantity; as,
_l=ive_, having life,--_r=a'ven_, a bird,--_=e'qu=ine_, of a horse.

IX. [----] or [* * * *] or [....] The ELLIPSIS, or SUPPRESSION, denotes the
omission of some letters or words: as, _K--g_, for _King; c****d_, for
_coward; d....d_, for _damned_.

X. [^] The CARET, used only in writing, shows where to insert words or
letters that have been accidentally omitted. XI [{}] The BRACE serves to
unite a triplet; or, more frequently, to connect several terms with
something to which they are all related. XII. [Sec.] The SECTION marks the
smaller divisions of a book or chapter; and, with the help of numbers,
serves to abridge references.

XIII. [] The PARAGRAPH (chiefly used in the Bible) denotes the
commencement of a new subject. The parts of discourse which are called
paragraphs, are, in general, sufficiently distinguished by beginning a new
line, and carrying the first word a little forwards or backwards. The
paragraphs of books being in some instances numbered, this character may
occasionally be used, in lieu of the word _paragraph_, to shorten
references.

XIV. [""] The GUILLEMETS, or QUOTATION POINTS, distinguish words that are
exhibited as those of an other author or speaker. A quotation within a
quotation, is usually marked with single points; which, when both are
employed, are placed within the others: as, "And again he saith, 'Rejoice,
ye Gentiles, with his people.'"--_Rom._, xv, 10.

XV. [[]] The CROTCHETS, or BRACKETS, generally inclose some correction or
explanation, but sometimes the sign or subject to be explained; as, "He
[Mr. Maurice] was of a different opinion."--_Allen's Gram._, p. 213.

XVI. [Fist] The INDEX, or HAND, points out something remarkable, or what
the reader should particularly observe.

XVII. [*] The ASTERISK, or STAR, [Dagger] the OBELISK, or DAGGER, [Double
dagger] the DIESIS, or DOUBLE DAGGER, and [||] the PARALLELS, refer to
marginal notes. The SECTION also [Sec.], and the PARAGRAPH [], are often used
for marks of reference, the former being usually