circumstance, are in
construction, regarded as nouns, and are usually called 'substantive
phrases;' as '_To play_ is pleasant,' '_His being an expert dancer_ is no
recommendation,' 'Let your motto be _Honesty is the best policy_.'"--_Id.,
ib._, p. 194.

"In accordance with his definition, Murray has divided verbs into three
classes, _Active, Passive_, and _Neuter_, and includes in the first class
_transitive_ verbs only, and in the last all verbs used
intransitively"--_Id., ib._, p. 200.

"Moreover, as the name of the speaker or the person spoken to is seldom
expressed, (the pronouns _I_ and _thou_ being used in its stead,) a noun is
very seldom in the first person, not often in the second, and almost never
in either, unless it be a proper noun, or a common noun
personified."--_Bullions, Pract. Les._, p. 13.

"In using the above exercises it will save much time, which is all
important, if the pupil be taught to say every thing belonging to the nouns
in the fewest words possible, and to say them always in the same order as
above."--_Id., ib._, p. 21.

"In any phrase or sentence the adjectives qualifying a noun may generally
be found by prefixing the phrase 'What kind of,' to the noun in the form of
a question; as, What kind of a horse? What kind of a stone? What kind of a
way? The word containing the answer to the question is an
adjective."--_Id., ib._, p. 22.

"In the following exercise let the pupil first point out the nouns, and
then the adjectives; and tell how he knows them to be so."--_Id., ib._, p.
23.

"In the following sentences point out the improper ellipsis. Show why it is
improper, and correct it."--_Id., ib._, p. 124.

"SINGULAR PRONOUNS. PLURAL PRONOUNS.

1. I--am being smitten. 1. We--are being smitten.
2. Thou--art being smitten. 2. Ye _or_ you--are being smitten.
3. He--is being smitten. 3. They--are being smitten."

_Wright's Philos. Gram._, p. 98.

CHAPTER II--UTTERANCE.

Utterance Is the art or act of vocal expression. It includes the principles
of articulation, of pronunciation, and of elocution.

SECTION I.--OF ARTICULATION.

Articulation is the forming of words; by the voice, with reference to their
component letters and sounds.

ARTICLE I.--OF THE DEFINITION.

Articulation differs from pronunciation, in having more particular regard
to the elements of words, and in not embracing accent[470]. A recent author
defines it thus: "ARTICULATION is the ac