inroads of Trajan, (Peripl.
p. 14, 15,) are magnified by history and medals into the Roman conquest
of Arabia. * Note: On the ruins of Petra, see the travels of Messrs.
Irby and Mangles, and of Leon de Laborde.--M.]

[Footnote 25: Niebuhr (Description de l'Arabie, p. 302, 303, 329-331)
affords the most recent and authentic intelligence of the Turkish empire
in Arabia. * Note: Niebuhr's, notwithstanding the multitude of later
travellers, maintains its ground, as the classical work on Arabia.--M.]

[Footnote 26: Diodorus Siculus (tom. ii. l. xix. p. 390-393, edit.
Wesseling) has clearly exposed the freedom of the Nabathaean Arabs, who
resisted the arms of Antigonus and his son.]

[Footnote 27: Strabo, l. xvi. p. 1127-1129. Plin. Hist. Natur. vi. 32.
Aelius Gallus landed near Medina, and marched near a thousand miles into
the part of Yemen between Mareb and the Ocean. The non ante devictis
Sabeae regibus, (Od. i. 29,) and the intacti Arabum thesanri (Od. iii.
24) of Horace, attest the virgin purity of Arabia.]

[Footnote 28: See the imperfect history of Yemen in Pocock, Specimen, p.
55-66, of Hira, p. 66-74, of Gassan, p. 75-78, as far as it could be
known or preserved in the time of ignorance. * Note: Compare the
Hist. Yemanae, published by Johannsen at Bonn 1880 particularly the
translator's preface.--M.]

[Footnote 29: They are described by Menander, (Excerpt. Legation p.
149,) Procopius, (de Bell. Persic. l. i. c. 17, 19, l. ii. c. 10,) and,
in the most lively colors, by Ammianus Marcellinus, (l. xiv. c. 4,) who
had spoken of them as early as the reign of Marcus.]

[Footnote 30: The name which, used by Ptolemy and Pliny in a more
confined, by Ammianus and Procopius in a larger, sense, has been
derived, ridiculously, from Sarah, the wife of Abraham, obscurely from
the village of Saraka, (Stephan. de Urbibus,) more plausibly from the
Arabic words, which signify a thievish character, or Oriental situation,
(Hottinger, Hist. Oriental. l. i. c. i. p. 7, 8. Pocock, Specimen, p.
33, 35. Asseman. Bibliot. Orient. tom. iv. p. 567.) Yet the last and
most popular of these etymologies is refuted by Ptolemy, (Arabia, p. 2,
18, in Hudson, tom. iv.,) who expressly remarks the western and southern
position of the Saracens, then an obscure tribe on the borders of Egypt.
The appellation cannot therefore allude to any national character; and,
since it was imposed by strangers, it must be found, not in the Arabic,
but in a foreign l