" the Saracens in Italy.

3. " the Danes.

2. " the Greeks.
___

53 total.--M.]

[Footnote 99: In this action the famous Rutland, Rolando, Orlando,
was slain--cum compluribus aliis. See the truth in Eginhard, (c. 9, p.
51-56,) and the fable in an ingenious Supplement of M. Gaillard, (tom.
iii. p. 474.) The Spaniards are too proud of a victory, which history
ascribes to the Gascons, and romance to the Saracens. * Note: In
fact, it was a sudden onset of the Gascons, assisted by the Beaure
mountaineers, and possibly a few Navarrese.--M.]

[Footnote 100: Yet Schmidt, from the best authorities, represents the
interior disorders and oppression of his reign, (Hist. des Allemands,
tom. ii. p. 45-49.)]

[Footnote 101: Omnis homo ex sua proprietate legitimam decimam ad
ecclesiam conferat. Experimento enim didicimus, in anno, quo illa valida
fames irrepsit, ebullire vacuas annonas a daemonibus devoratas, et voces
exprobationis auditas. Such is the decree and assertion of the great
Council of Frankfort, (canon xxv. tom. ix. p. 105.) Both Selden (Hist.
of Tithes; Works, vol. iii. part ii. p. 1146) and Montesquieu (Esprit
des Loix, l. xxxi. c. 12) represent Charlemagne as the first legal
author of tithes. Such obligations have country gentlemen to his
memory!]

[Footnote 102: Eginhard (c. 25, p. 119) clearly affirms, tentabat et
scribere... sed parum prospere successit labor praeposterus et sero
inchoatus. The moderns have perverted and corrected this obvious
meaning, and the title of M. Gaillard's dissertation (tom. iii. p.
247-260) betrays his partiality. * Note: This point has been contested;
but Mr. Hallam and Monsieur Sismondl concur with Gibbon. See Middle
Ages, iii. 330, Histoire de Francais, tom. ii. p. 318. The sensible
observations of the latter are quoted in the Quarterly Review, vol.
xlviii. p. 451. Fleury, I may add, quotes from Mabillon a remarkable
evidence that Charlemagne "had a mark to himself like an honest,
plain-dealing man." Ibid.--M.]

[Footnote 103: See Gaillard, tom. iii. p. 138-176, and Schmidt, tom.
ii. p. 121-129.]

[Footnote 104: M. Gaillard (tom. iii. p. 372) fixes the true stature of
Charlemagne (see a Dissertation of Marquard Freher ad calcem Eginhart,
p. 220, &c.) at five feet nine inches of French, about six feet one inch
and a fourth English, measure. The romance writers have increased it
to eight feet, and the giant was endowed with matchless s