d conquests, (Vit.
Carol. c. 5-14,) Eginhard recapitulates, in a few words, (c. 15,) the
countries subject to his empire. Struvius, (Corpus Hist. German. p.
118-149) was inserted in his Notes the texts of the old Chronicles.]

[Footnote 107: On a charter granted to the monastery of Alaon (A.D. 845)
by Charles the Bald, which deduces this royal pedigree. I doubt whether
some subsequent links of the ixth and xth centuries are equally firm;
yet the whole is approved and defended by M. Gaillard, (tom. ii.
p.60-81, 203-206,) who affirms that the family of Montesquiou (not
of the President de Montesquieu) is descended, in the female line, from
Clotaire and Clovis--an innocent pretension!]

[Footnote 108: The governors or counts of the Spanish march revolted
from Charles the Simple about the year 900; and a poor pittance,
the Rousillon, has been recovered in 1642 by the kings of France,
(Longuerue, Description de la France, tom i. p. 220-222.) Yet the
Rousillon contains 188,900 subjects, and annually pays 2,600,000 livres,
(Necker, Administration des Finances, tom. i. p. 278, 279;) more people,
perhaps, and doubtless more money than the march of Charlemagne.]

[Footnote 109: Schmidt, Hist. des Allemands, tom. ii. p. 200, &c.]

[Footnote 110: See Giannone, tom. i. p 374, 375, and the Annals of
Muratori.]

[Footnote 111: Quot praelia in eo gesta! quantum sanguinis effusum sit!
Testatur vacua omni habitatione Pannonia, et locus in quo regia Cagani
fuit ita desertus, ut ne vestigium quidem humanae habitationis appareat.
Tota in hoc bello Hunnorum nobilitas periit, tota gloria decidit, omnis
pecunia et congesti ex longo tempore thesauri direpti sunt. Eginhard,
cxiii.]

[Footnote 112: The junction of the Rhine and Danube was undertaken only
for the service of the Pannonian war, (Gaillard, Vie de Charlemagne,
tom. ii. p. 312-315.) The canal, which would have been only two leagues
in length, and of which some traces are still extant in Swabia, was
interrupted by excessive rains, military avocations, and superstitious
fears, (Schaepflin, Hist. de l'Academie des Inscriptions, tom. xviii. p.
256. Molimina fluviorum, &c., jungendorum, p. 59-62.)]

[Footnote 1121: I should doubt this in the time of Charlemagne, even if
the term "expended" were substituted for "wasted."--M.]

Chapter XLIX: Conquest Of Italy By The Franks.--Part V.

If we retrace the outlines of this geographical picture, it will be seen
that the empire of th