marks
where it stood. A city was laid out on the river, which Penn named
Philadelphia, a word which means Brotherly Love. I suppose some
brotherly love is there still, but not nearly so much as there should
be.

Streets were made through the woods, and the names of the trees were
given to these streets, which are still known as Chestnut, Walnut, Pine,
Cherry, and the like. People soon came in numbers, and it is wonderful
how fast the city grew. Soon there were hundreds of comfortable houses,
and in time it grew to be the largest in the country.

The Indians looked on in wonder to see large houses springing up where
they had hunted deer, and to see great ships where they had paddled
their canoes. But the white men spread more and more into the land, and
the red men were pushed back, and in time none of them were left in
Penn's woodland colony. This was long after William Penn was dead.

But while Penn's city was growing large and rich, he was becoming poor.
He spent much money on his province and got very little back. At last he
became so poor that he was put in prison for debt, as was the custom in
those days. In the end he died and left the province to his sons. The
Indians sent some beautiful furs to his widow in memory of their great
and good brother. They said these were to make her a cloak "to protect
her while she was passing without her guide through the stormy
wilderness of life."

CHAPTER V

THE CAVALIER COLONIES OF THE SOUTH

VIRGINIA has often been called the Cavalier colony. Do any of you know
why, or who the Cavaliers were? Perhaps I had better tell you. They were
the lords and the proud people of England. Many of them had no money,
but they would do no work, and cared for nothing but pleasure and
fighting. There were plenty of working people in that country, but there
were many who were too proud to work, and expected others to work for
them, while they hoped to live at ease.

Some of this kind of men came out with John Smith, and that is why he
had so much trouble with them. The Puritans and the Quakers came from
the working people of England, and nobody had to starve them to make
them work, or to pour cold water down their sleeves to stop them from
swearing.

While religious people settled in the North, many of the proud Cavalier
class, who cared very little about religion, came to the South. So we
may call the southern settlements the Cavalier colonies, though many of
the common peop