s an economic enterprise.

[29] See "The S. A. and the Public," pp. 121 to 130.

[30] A typical industry instanced to support this objection was the
manufacture of fire wood. See "The S. A. and the Public," p. 124.

[31] The criticism here of course would be that, to the extent that the
army applies donations from the public to this industrial work, to that
extent it has an advantage over another business enterprise and differs
from it just to that extent in which it secures capital on which it need
pay no interest or return. To what extent this is done, we have been
unable to ascertain, but the Army is paying interest to investors who
furnish money to carry on this work. This point is dealt with somewhat
in the next paragraph.

[32] See "The S. A. and the Public," pp. 122 to 127. Also "The Social
Relief Work of the S. A.," pp. 11 and 12.

[33] Several leading officers have stated that they never undersell
paper or rags, the largest part of their business, and that the only
underselling done by them is in the retail store and that this is
slight. They justify themselves by the fact that the regular second-hand
men are tricksters and will rob the poor of their money, in most cases
carrying on a pawn shop, which the Army never does.

[34] See Seager, "Introduction to Economics," p. 234.

[35] See "Principles of Relief," p. 35.

[36] To show the difference in the grade of the men at the Industrial
Homes and those at the Hotels, I have given separate tables for each.
The combined tables showing certain characteristics of the class of men
in general with which the Army deals will be found at the end of Chapter
IV.

[37] This number includes all the inefficient men and the men who are
steadily working in the Industrial Home.

CHAPTER II.

THE SALVATION ARMY HOTELS AND LODGING HOUSES.

In a study of environment and its effects on the lowest classes of our
great cities, the cheap lodging house affords a favorable field. Here we
have crowding, unsanitary conditions, immoral atmosphere, and all the
attendant evils. A good description of such lodging houses in New York
City has been given by Jacob Riis, in the following words:

"In the caravansaries that line Chatham Street and the Bowery,
harboring nightly a population as large as that of many a thriving
town, a home-made article of tramp and thief is turned out that is
attracting the increasing attention of the police, and offers a
fie