e room there for somebody else, and this is not much of an
advantage, since that "somebody else" is quite likely to come from the
country to the city, and thus not be one of the city's submerged ones at
all. Again, if, as we have just stated, men succeed in the country
because of the same elements of character which would lead them to
succeed anywhere, then the reason for their failing to succeed in the
city would lie in an unfavorable environment, and to change their
environment, it is not necessary to carry on a system of paternalistic
colonies. This leads us to the question of assisted emigration, which we
will discuss in connection with our third objection to the colonies.

As regards the second reason, that of undue expense, Mr. Haggard in
1905, found a loss to the Army of $50,000. While, since that time, in
the case of the California Colony, there has been no further loss, yet
in the case of the colony in Colorado, there has been much expenditure
which should be added to the original loss. The Army states that it has
been too liberal in its dealings with its colonists, but we note that,
in spite of its liberality, there has been a constant tendency for the
colonists to leave, hoping to do better elsewhere.[79] The Army might
reply that this is no argument, and that the fact that they were able to
leave with funds on hand was in itself a proof of liberality on the
Army's part, but to prove the success of its experiment, it must show
that those who have left have done better elsewhere, and not drifted
back once more to the city. The Army might further state that in future
a better selection of land might be made, and that other unfavorable
things might be avoided, but we are dealing here with these two colonies
and not future experiments. As regards such, there would always be
unforeseen difficulties of every kind.[80]

Coming to the third reason for our conclusion, the reason that money
might be expended in other ways with greater advantage to the
unemployed, and with greater relief to the congestion of cities, we
refer again to the recommendations of the Departmental Committee
appointed by the English government to consider Commissioner Haggard's
report.[81] In their report they recommend a system of emigration from
the city to the English possessions, such as Canada, aided by the
government, in preference to the system of colonization. With this we
agree. A man once transported from the city and then thrown on hi