nally intended by the Army itself. As has been remarked with regard
to the industrial colonies, so here, we would emphasize the fact that
the Army has no need to fear acknowledgement that the colonies have not
been successful, because it has other credit upon which to depend for
its reputation for usefulness. After looking at it from all sides, we
come to the conclusion that the two experiments considered in these
pages do not justify an extension of this work. This conclusion is based
on several reasons:

1. Many of the successful colonists are not men who needed help the
most, and many are not from the City at all.

2. The colonies have been, and are, an undue expense to the
organization.

3. The same amount of energy and money would be more beneficial to
the unemployed if used along other lines.

4. The principles advanced as essential by the originators of the
movement were only partially carried out.[75]

Our first reason is based partly on personal investigation, and partly
on the statements of the Army itself.[76] There are, as will be seen
from examples given, certain places where families from the city without
previous experience have made a success of the colonies, but these are
greatly in the minority[77]. If, in the case of the California Colony at
Fort Romie, when seventeen out of the original number of families taken
from the city, left on account of the lack of water, the next group of
settlers had again been chosen from the city, after water had been
secured, a more conclusive experiment would have resulted, but instead,
the second group were, "farmers by profession."[78] This looks as though
the Army itself at that time doubted the ability of the city families to
succeed on the land. At any rate, the fact that the majority of the
families at the present time on the colonies are not from the city at
all, shows that, as an experiment of removing the surplus population of
the city to the country, the colonies are a failure. But further, when
we take the minority, the families now in the colonies who came from the
city, we find that, in most cases, they are not people who needed help
the most, and those who have succeeded on the colonies, have succeeded
because of elements in their character which would have led them to
succeed in the long run anywhere, with favorable environment. In this
case then, the only advantage in taking these people from the city was
to leave mor