mentioned as _ecclesiastics_, are not necessarily
priests or in holy orders.

"Count Rayneval took occasion to show, with proofs in his hands, that the
half of these supposed priests were not in orders.... The Roman prelates
are not all bound to enter into holy orders. For the most part they
dispense with them. Can we then call by the name of priests those who have
nothing of the priest but the uniform? Is Count Spada a more zealous or a
more skilful administrator now than when, in the costume of a priest, he
officiated as Minister of War? Do Monsignor Matteuci (Minister of Police),
Monsignor Mertel (Minister of the Interior), Monsignor Berardi (substitute
of the Secretary of State), and so many others, who have liberty to marry
to-morrow, constitute a religious caste, sacrificing its own interests to
the interests of the country, and would they become, all of a sudden,
irreproachable if they were dressed differently? If we examine the share
given the prelates, both priests and non-priests, in the Roman
administration, we shall arrive at some results which it is important to
notice. Out of Rome, that is, throughout the whole extent of the
Pontifical States, with the exception of the capital--in the Legations, the
Marshes, Umbria, and all the Provinces, to the number of eighteen, how
many ecclesiastics do you think are employed? Their number does not exceed
fifteen--one for each Province except three, where there is not one at all.
They are delegates, or, as we should say, prefects. The councils, the
tribunals, and offices of all sorts, are filled with laymen. So that for
one ecclesiastic in office, we have in the Roman Provinces one hundred and
ninety-five laymen."

The following table, which appeared in the London _Weekly Register_ (_The
Weekly Register, June_, 1859.), shows at a glance what a small proportion
the clerical bore to the lay element in the government of the Papal
States:

Ministries. Eccles. Lay Places. Eccles. Lay Salary
Places. Salary
Secretariate of State 14 18 $100,500 $8,340
Justice and Police 277 3,271 110,205 637,602
Public Instruction 3 9 1,320 1,824
Finance 7 3,084 10,320 730,268
Commerce, P. Work 1 347 2,400 69,808
Arms 125 51,885
Total