merican drugs bound for the US and Europe

Nicaragua:
transshipment point for cocaine destined for the US and
transshipment point for arms-for-drugs dealing

Nigeria:
facilitates movement of heroin en route from Southeast and
Southwest Asia to Western Europe and North America; increasingly a
transit route for cocaine from South America intended for European,
East Asian, and North American markets

Pakistan:
key transit area for Southwest Asian heroin moving to
Western markets; narcotics still move from Afghanistan into
Balochistan Province

Panama:
major cocaine transshipment point and major drug
money-laundering center; no recent signs of coca cultivation;
monitoring of financial transactions is improving; official
corruption remains a major problem; Panama was cited by the
Financial Action Task Force (FATF) an international organization
that includes the US Government, for its lack of cooperation in the
fight against international money laundering

Paraguay:
illicit producer of cannabis, most or all of which is
consumed in South America; transshipment country for Andean cocaine
headed for Southern Cone markets and Europe

Peru:
until 1996 the world's largest coca leaf producer, Peru
reduced the area of coca under cultivation by 64% to 34,200 hectares
between 1996 and the end of 2000; much of the cocaine base is
shipped to neighboring Colombia for processing into cocaine for the
international drug market; increasing amounts of finished cocaine,
however, are being shipped to Europe or to Brazil and Bolivia for
use in the Southern Cone or transshipped to world markets

Philippines:
exports locally produced marijuana and hashish to East
Asia, the US, and other Western markets; serves as a transit point
for heroin and crystal methamphetamine

Poland:
major illicit producer of amphetamine for the international
market; minor transshipment point for Asian and Latin American
illicit drugs to Western Europe

Portugal:
important gateway country for Latin American cocaine and
Southwest Asian heroin entering the European market; transshipment
point for hashish from North Africa to Europe; consumer of Southwest
Asian heroin

Romania:
important transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin
transiting the Balkan route and small amounts of Latin American
cocaine bound for Western Europe

Russia:
limited cultivation of illicit cann